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1914
1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. (see link for calendar)
Events
- January 4 - 77 seal hunters freeze to death on ice near Labrador.
- January 5 - Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor.
- February 13 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
- March 10 - Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velasquez painting Rokeby Venus in London’s national gallery with a meat chopper.
- March 16 - Wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmet , the editor of Le Figaro because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage. (She is later acquitted.)
- March 27 - Belgian surgeon A. Hustin makes the first successful blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.
- April 14 - The city of Irving, Texas is incorporated.
- April 21 - 3000 US marines land in Vera Cruz, Mexico.
- The American Radio Relay League is founded.
- May 9 - J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3000 first-class wickets.
- May 14 - Woodrow Wilson signs Mother's Day proclamation.
- May 14 - The Hellenic Holocaust begins in the Ottoman Empire.
- May 25 - The United Kingdom's House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule.
- May 29 - The ocean liner Empress of Ireland sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,024 lives lost.
- June 1 - Woodrow Wilson's envoy Edward Mandell House meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.
- June 28 - The assassination in Sarajevo: Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife, the Archduchess Sophie are killed by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
- July 18 - The Signal Corps of the United States Army is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.
- July 28 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after it fails to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 following the Sarajevo assassination.
- July 31 - French pacifist Jean Jaures is assassinated.
- August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia.
- August 2 - German troops occupy Luxembourg.
- August 2 - Secret treaty between Turkey and Germany to secure Turkish neutrality
- August 3 - Germany declares war on Russia's ally France.
- August 4 - German troops invade neutral Belgium. Britain declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality. The United States declares neutrality.
- August 5 - In Cleveland, Ohio, the first electric traffic light is installed.
- August 15 - The Panama Canal opens to traffic.
- August 20 - World War I: German forces occupy Brussels.
- August 23 - Japan declares war on Germany.
- September 1 - St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
- September 5 - London Agreement - no member of Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with Central Powers.
- September 5 - World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins - Northeast of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Michel-Joseph Maunoury attack German forces who are advancing on the capital. Over 2 million troops will fight in the battle and 100,000 will be killed or wounded in this significant Allied victory.
- September 6 - French and British counterattack at Marne ends German advance on Paris.
- September 17 - Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
- September 26 - The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
- October 9 - World War I: Siege of Antwerp - Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
- October 29 - World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports: Russia, France, and Britain declare war on November 1-5.
- November 1 - World War I: Battle of Coronel fought - A Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met and defeated by the superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee. This is the first British naval defeat of the war.
- November 4 - Britain and France declares war on Turkey
- November 5 - The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, and together with France declares war on the Ottoman Empire
- November 16 - A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 , the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
- November 28 - World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.
Unknown dates
Ongoing events
Births
- January 1 - Noor Inayat Khan, World War II heroine (executed) (d. 1944)
- January 4 - Jane Wyman, American actress
- January 5 - George Reeves, American actor (d. 1959)
- January 6 - Danny Thomas, American singer, actor, and comedian (d. 1991)
- January 14 - Harold Russell, actor (d. 2002)
- January 17 - William Stafford, poet and pacifist (d. 1993)
- January 18 - Arno Schmidt, author (d. 1979)
- January 30 - John Ireland, actor (d. 1992)
- January 30 - David Wayne , actor (d. 1995)
- January 31 - Jersey Joe Walcott, boxer (d. 1994)
- February 4 - Alfred Andersch, narrator and author of radio drama (d. 1980)
- February 4 - Ida Lupino, actress, director, writer (d. 1995)
- February 5 - William S. Burroughs, American author (d. 1997)
- February 6 - Thurl Ravenscroft, voice actor
- February 9 - Ernest Tubb, country music singer (d. 1984)
- February 11 - Matt Dennis , singer
- February 11 - French Duynstee , Dutch constitutional lawyer
- February 11 - Winand Borgerhoff Mulder court judge of Amsterdam
- February 11 - Menelaos Pallantios , composer
- February 12 - Tex Beneke , musician, band leader (d. 2000)
- February 24 - Zachary Scott, American actor (d. 1965)
- March 1 - Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
- March 2 - Martin Ritt, director (d. 1990)
- March 6 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
- March 13 - Edward O'Hare, American pilot (d. 1943)
- March 17 - Sammy Baugh, American football star
- March 19 - Jay Berwanger, football star, 1st Heisman Trophy winner (d. 2002)
- March 25 - Norman Borlaug, plant breeder
- March 26 - William Westmoreland, United States commander in the Vietnam War
- March 28 - Edmund Muskie, American politician (d. 1996)
- March 30 - Sonny Boy Williamson, musician
- March 31 - Octavio Paz, Mexican author, Nobel Prize for Literature (d. 1998)
- April 2 - Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
- April 4 - Marguerite Duras, French writer (d. 1996)
- April 22 - Jan de Hartog, writer (d. 2002)
- April 25 - Ross Lockridge, Jr., writer (d. 1948)
- April 26 - Bernard Malamud, American author (d. 1986)
- April 26 - Lilian Rolfe, SOE agent (executed) (d. 1945)
- Arnold Gerschwiler, figure skating trainer (d. 2003)
- May 8 - Romain Gary, writer and diplomat (d. 1980)
- May 9 - Hank Snow, country musician (d. 1999)
- May 12 - Howard K. Smith, journalist (d. 2002)
- May 13 - Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981)
- May 18 - Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)
- May 19 - Go Seigen, Go player
- May 19 - Max Perutz, molecular biologist (d. 2002)
- May 22 - Vance Packard, author (d. 1996)
- May 22 - Sun Ra, jazz musician (d. 1993)
- May 28 - W. G. G. Duncan Smith, World War II pilot (d. 1996)
- May 29 - Tenzing Norgay, sherpa (d. 1986)
- May 29 - Eduard Pestel , scientist and engineer (d. 1988)
- June 3 - Roy Glenn, American actor (d. 1971)
- June 15 - Yuri Andropov, Soviet politician and General Secretary of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (d. 1984)
- June 19 - Alan Cranston, U.S. senator (d. 2000)
- June 21 - William Vickrey, economist (d. 1996)
- June 29 - Rafael Kubelik, Czech conductor (d. 1996)
- July 15 - Hammond Innes, English adventure writer (d. 1998)
- July 19 - John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian Special Operations Executive agent (d. 1944)
- July 19 - Marius Russo, Major League Baseball player (d. 2005)
- July 30 - Lord Killanin, sixth president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)
- August 2 - Beatrice Straight, Academy Award-winning actress (d. 2001)
- August 17 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., lawyer, politician (d. 1988)
- August 17 - Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian heroine of World War II (d. 1945)
- September 5 - Sor Isolina Ferré, Puerto Rican Catholic nun (d. 2000)
- September 11 - Sidney Hart, British trade unionist and religious administrator (d. 2005)
- September 12 - Desmond Llewelyn, British actor (d. 1999)
- September 12 - Janusz Zurakowski, Polish-Canadian pilot (d. 2004)
- September 15 - Creighton Williams Abrams, American military officer (d. 1974)
- September 16 - Allen Funt, host of Candid Camera (d. 1999)
- September 23 - Bethsabée de Rothschild, philanthropist and patron of dance (d. 1999)
- October 1 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
- October 6 - Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (d. 2002)
- October 10 - Tommy Fine, Major League Baseball player (d. 2005)
- October 14 - Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)
- October 16 - Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan
- October 21 - Martin Gardner, American writer on mathematics and games
- October 27 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (d. 1953)
- October 28 - Jonas Salk, American medical scientist, developer of polio vaccine (d. 1995)
- November 11 - Howard Fast, American novelist and television writer (d. 2003)
- November 20 - Charles Berlitz, author (d. 2003)
- November 20 - Jean-Pierre Grenier , actor (d. 2000)
- November 25 - Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)
- 10 - Dorothy Lamour, actress (d. 1996)
- 24 - Herbert Reinecker, German writer
- 26 - Richard Widmark, actor
- 29 - Billy Tipton, jazz musician (d. 1989)
- 30 - Bert Parks, singer, actor, host of Miss America Pageant (d. 1992)
Deaths
- February 24 - Joshua Chamberlain, Union Army officer
- March 1 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)
- March 6 - George Washington Vanderbilt II, businessman
- April 1 - Rube Waddell, Baseball Hall of Famer
- May 2 - John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, husband of Princess Louise of the United Kingdom, aunt of King George V
- June 21 - Bertha von Suttner, winner of 1905 Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
- June 28 - Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (assassinated)
- June 28 - Archduchess Sophie Chotek, wife of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria
- July 3 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician
- August 4 - Hubertine Auclert, French feminist
- August 12 - John Philip Holland, developer of the submarine (b. 1840)
- August 20 - Pope Pius X
- August 30 - Aleksander Samsonov, Russian general
- September 1 - Martha, the last passenger pigeon
- September 3 - Albéric Magnard, composer
- December 24 - John Muir, American naturalist (b. 1838)
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