Online Encyclopedia
Radio controlled car
A radio controlled car is a powered model car driven from a distance by a hand-held radio transmitter which sends its control information to the car's onboard receiver. Building, driving and modifying radio-controlled car kits is a hobby enjoyed by enthusiasts of all ages.
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Types of cars
Radio-controlled (or R/C) cars can be categorized two ways, electric-powered and gas-powered. Electric cars use small but powerful electric motors and rechargeable nickel-cadmium or nickel metal hydride cells to power them, while so-called "gas" cars use small internal combustion engines powered not by gasoline but by a special nitromethane/castor oil fuel mix. Recent years have seen the introduction of exceptionally large models that are in fact powered by small gasoline "weed-eater" engines. Electric cars are generally considered easier for the novice to work with than gas but can be equally as complex, possibly more so, as one's skill and budget pave the way for more sophisticated electronics.
In both of these categories, the hobbyist can choose between either on-road or off-road vehicles. Off-road models with their fully functional suspensions can be used on various types of terrain, while on-road cars with their limited or even non-existent suspension travel are strictly limited to smooth, paved surfaces.
Maintenance
Regardless of the category chosen, hobby-grade radio controlled cars require regular maintenance for smooth and trouble-free operation, unlike the cheaper and unserviceable toy-grade cars found in discount and consumer electronics stores. To the mechanically inclined, this is just another fun aspect of the hobby. However, another consideration is the availability of many replacement and high-performance parts for hobby-grade models which allow one to upgrade and modify their car even to the extent of having no original kit parts remaining whatsoever. Conversely, if a toy car breaks, parts are nearly impossible to find. Also, toy cars are notoriously difficult to disassemble. Having a hobby-grade car means that in the event that parts break or wear out, they can be replaced individually.
History
Small, nitromethane-powered engines debuted in the 1940s. Unfortunately, the technology of the time simply didn't allow for the control of an engine-powered model car other than on a tether . Tether cars, while capable of speeds upwards of 70 mph (113 km/h), did nothing but run in a circle. It wasn't until the late 1960s that the first wave of miniaturized solid state radio control systems became available. These systems allowed a model to have remote, servo-controlled steering and throttle/brake, proportional to the motion and throw of the transmitter controls. Now instead of running in a circle, an engine- or electric-powered model car could be made to run around a racetrack with the subtle control of its full-sized counterpart.
Recognizing the potential for this new hobby was a Japanese firm, Tamiya . Renowned for their intricately detailed plastic model kits, Tamiya released a series of beautiful but mechanically crude 1/10- and 1/12-scale car models that were, according to the box covers, "suitable for radio control." Though rather expensive to purchase, the kits and radio systems sold as fast as hobby stores could stock them. Tamiya eventually turned their attention away from scale detail and toward the development of more purpose-built R/C models. Featuring working suspensions, more powerful motors, knobby off-road rubber tires and often topped with stylized dune buggy bodies more closely resembling something from an anime cartoon than anything on the street or sand dunes, these rugged models were easy to assemble, easy to repair, affordable to buy and modify and would serve as the basis around which the radio controlled car hobby would blossom both for backyard fun and for competition. See also: Tamiya Blackfoot.
Fun as the Tamiya kits were, it would be an American firm that would turn the world's attention to a more advanced form of R/C racing competition.
Widespread R/C racing comes of age
In 1984, Associated Electrics, Inc. of Costa Mesa, California introduced an important off-road racer. Dubbed RC10, this car was not only a bold departure from Associated's regular line of nitro-powered on-road race cars but a study in engineering as well. Designed as a serious miniature racing machine, the RC10 sported a chassis of anodized, aircraft-grade 4140 aluminum alloy. Every fastener was of the same material and identical to those used in aircraft. Also in 4140 alloy were the machined, oil-filled and completely tuneable shock absorbers. Other machined metal parts abounded. Suspension control arms were high-impact nylon as were the two-piece wheels. Even optional stainless steel miniature ball bearings found their way into many an RC10's wheels and transmission. That same transmission sported an innovative differential featuring hardened steel rings pressed against ball bearings which made it infinitely adjustable for any track condition. The RC10 quickly became the dominant model in electric off-road racing, and it wouldn't be long before another Southern California firm took notice of the RC10's unprecedented success.
Gil Losi, whose family ran the Ranch Pit Stop R/C racetrack in Pomona turned his college studies toward engineering, especially in the field of injection molded plastics. When the first Team Losi buggy, the JRX-2 hit the track in 1988, it sparked a rivalry with Team Associated that continues to this day. Team Losi would go on to pioneer a number of firsts, including the industry's first all-natural rubber tires, the first American-made four-wheel-drive racing buggy and an entirely new class of cars, the 1/18-scale Mini-T off-road electrics.
Racing
There are tracks and racing clubs around the world for enthusiasts to get together and race, and there are many levels of difficulty from novice all the way to professional, ensuring that there is a racing class regardless of skill or equipment level. R/C racing on a professional level is a serious motorsport regardless of the size of the cars involved, with factory-backed drivers racing for cash purses all over the world.
Some commonly raced classes and the types of models that race them are:
- 1/10 Electric Onroad - Touring cars, Can Am-bodied cars, Formula One/Indy cars, oval racers
- 1/10 Electric Offroad - 2WD trucks, 2WD buggies, 4WD trucks, 4WD buggies, dirt track oval racers
- 1/10 Nitro Onroad - Touring cars, Can Am-bodied cars, oval racers
- 1/10 Nitro Offroad - 2WD trucks, 2WD buggies, 4WD trucks, 4WD buggies, dirt track oval racers
- 1/8 Nitro Onroad - Touring cars, Can Am-bodied cars
- 1/8 Nitro Offroad - 4WD buggies, 4WD trucks
It should be noted that the fractional number used throughout this article refers to the model's scale in proportion to its full-sized counterpart. Therefore, a 1/10-scale car is one-tenth the size of a real car, though most purpose-built racing models are not built to true scale.
Not all tracks will race all classes, as terrain and space requirements differ from class to class. It also means that the same track cannot always be used for more than one or two similar classes.
However, if the class you drive in is not raced at your local track, yet is similar to a class that is raced, it is often possible to run with the other cars. This obviously must be discussed with the race coordinators prior to the race, and usually depends on the willingness of the coordinators to bend the rules in order to encourage new members to the track...and therefore to the hobby. In a race sanctioned by a governing body such as ROAR (Radio Operated Auto Racing) or IFMAR (International Federation of Model Auto Racing), the rules clearly define that only vehicles of the same class may be run together.
World speed record
The 2003 Guinness Book of World Records lists the fastest-ever top speed of a radio-controlled car as 111 mph (178.63 km/h) set by Cliff Lett of Associated Electrics. Lett, a Team Associated professional driver and one of the designers and developers of the aforementioned RC10 set the record with a heavily modified Associated RC10L3 oval track racer at Irwindale Speedway, Irwindale, California on January 13, 2001.
External links
- RC Nitro and Radio Controlled Car Action have many information-packed articles on this topic. Both sites represent monthly periodicals as well.
The following sites have information on specific brands of cars. Many excellent brands are available with these being among the most popular: