XS |
IPA |
IPA |
Description |
Examples |
a |
|
|
open front unrounded vowel
|
Australian English father [faD@], French dame [dam], Spanish padre ["padre] |
b |
b |
|
voiced bilabial plosive
|
English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~] |
b_< |
ɓ |
|
voiced bilabial implosive
|
|
c |
c |
|
voiceless palatal plosive
|
Hungarian latyak [lAcAk] |
d |
d |
|
voiced alveolar plosive
|
English dig [dIg], French doigt [dwa] |
d` |
ɖ |
|
voiced retroflex plosive
|
Svealand Swedish hord [hu:d`] |
d_< |
ɗ |
|
voiced alveolar implosive
|
|
e |
e |
|
close-mid front unrounded vowel
|
French ses [se] |
f |
f |
|
voiceless labiodental fricative
|
English five [faIv], French femme [fam] |
g |
g |
|
voiced velar plosive
|
English game [geIm], French longue [lO~g] |
g_< |
ɠ |
|
voiced velar implosive
|
|
h |
h |
|
voiceless glottal fricative
|
English house [haUs] |
h\ |
ɦ |
|
voiced glottal fricative
|
|
i |
i |
|
close front unrounded vowel
|
English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si] |
j |
j |
|
palatal approximant
|
English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2] |
j\ |
ʝ |
|
voiced palatal fricative
|
Greek γειά [j\a] |
k |
k |
|
voiceless velar plosive
|
English cat [k{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o] |
l |
l |
|
alveolar lateral approximant
|
English lay [leI], French mal [mal] |
l` |
ɭ |
|
retroflex lateral approximant
|
Svealand Swedish sorl [so:l`] |
l\ |
ɺ |
|
alveolar lateral flap
|
Japanese phoneme /r/ |
m |
m |
|
bilabial nasal
|
English mouse [maUs], French homme [Om] |
n |
n |
|
alveolar nasal
|
English nap [n{p], French non [nO~] |
n` |
ɳ |
|
retroflex nasal
|
Svealand Swedish hörn [h2:n`] |
o |
o |
|
close-mid back rounded vowel
|
French gros [gRo] |
p |
p |
|
voiceless bilabial plosive
|
English leap [li:p], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o] |
p\ |
ɸ |
|
voiceless bilabial fricative
|
Japanese fuku [p\M_0kM], Scanian sju [p\@}] |
q |
q |
|
voiceless uvular plosive
|
Arabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba] |
r |
r |
|
alveolar trill
|
Spanish perro ["per:o] |
r` |
ɽ |
|
retroflex flap
|
|
r\ |
ɹ |
|
alveolar approximant
|
English red [r\Ed] |
r\` |
ɻ |
|
retroflex approximant
|
|
s |
s |
|
voiceless alveolar fricative
|
English seem [si:m], French session [se.sjO~] |
s` |
ʂ |
|
voiceless retroflex fricative
|
Svealand Swedish mars [mas`] |
s\ |
ɕ |
|
voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
|
Polish świerszcz [s\virStS] |
t |
t |
|
voiceless alveolar plosive
|
English too [tu:], French raté [Rate], Spanish tuyo [tujo] |
t` |
ʈ |
|
voiceless retroflex plosive
|
Svealand Swedish mört [m2t`] |
u |
u |
|
close back rounded vowel
|
English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su] |
v |
v |
|
voiced labiodental fricative
|
English vest [vEst], French voix [vwa] |
v\ (or P) |
ʋ |
|
labiodental approximant
|
|
w |
w |
|
labial-velar approximant
|
English west [wEst], French oui [wi] |
x |
x |
|
voiceless velar fricative
|
Scots loch [lQx] |
x\ |
ɧ |
|
voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative
|
Swedish sjal [x\A:l] |
y |
y |
|
close front rounded vowel
|
French tu [ty] German über [y"b@r] |
z |
z |
|
voiced alveolar fricative
|
English zoo [zu:], French azote [azOt] |
z` |
ʐ |
|
voiced retroflex fricative
|
|
z\ |
ʑ |
|
voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
|
Polish źrebak [z\rEbak] |
XS |
IPA |
IPA |
Description |
Example |
A |
ɑ |
|
open back unrounded vowel
|
English father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.Am.) |
B |
β |
|
voiced bilabial fricative
|
|
B\ |
ʙ |
|
bilabial trill
|
Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr") |
C |
ç |
|
voiceless palatal fricative
|
German ich [IC], English human ["Cum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-]) |
D |
ð |
|
voiced dental fricative
|
English then [DEn] |
E |
ɛ |
|
open-mid front unrounded vowel
|
French même [mEm], English met [mEt] |
F |
ɱ |
|
labiodental nasal
|
English emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-]) |
G |
ɣ |
|
voiced velar fricative
|
Greek γονία [Go"nia] |
G\ |
ɢ |
|
voiced uvular plosive
|
|
G\_< |
ʛ |
|
voiced uvular implosive
|
|
H |
ɥ |
|
labial-palatal approximant
|
French huit [Hi] |
H\ |
ʜ |
|
voiceless epiglottal fricative
|
|
I |
ɪ |
|
near-close near-front unrounded vowel
|
English kit [kIt] |
I\ |
|
|
central lax close unrounded vowel, not in IPA |
|
J |
ɲ |
|
palatal nasal
|
Spanish año [aJo], English canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-]) |
J\ |
ɟ |
|
voiced palatal plosive
|
Hungarian egy [EJ\] |
J\_< |
ʄ |
|
voiced palatal implosive
|
|
K |
ɬ |
|
voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
|
Welsh llaw [KaU_^] |
K\ |
ɮ |
|
voiced alveolar lateral fricative
|
|
L |
ʎ |
|
palatal lateral approximant
|
Italian famiglia [famiLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], English million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-]) |
L\ |
ʟ |
|
velar lateral approximant
|
English phoneme /5/ |
M |
ɯ |
|
close back unrounded vowel
|
Korean 으 (eu) |
M\ |
ɰ |
|
velar approximant
|
Spanish fuego [fweM\o] |
N |
ŋ |
|
velar nasal
|
English thing [TIN] |
N\ |
ɴ |
|
uvular nasal
|
Japanese san [saN\] |
O |
ɔ |
|
open-mid back rounded vowel
|
British English thought [TO:t], American English off [O:f] |
O\ |
ʘ |
|
bilabial click
|
|
P (or v\) |
ʋ |
|
labiodental approximant
|
Dutch phoneme /w/, allophone of English phoneme /r\/ |
Q |
ɒ |
|
open back rounded vowel
|
British English lot [lQt] |
R |
ʁ |
|
voiced uvular fricative
|
French roi [Rwa] |
R\ |
ʀ |
|
uvular trill
|
German phoneme /r/ |
S |
ʃ |
|
voiceless postalveolar fricative
|
English ship [SIp] |
T |
θ |
|
voiceless dental fricative
|
English thin [TIn] |
U |
ʊ |
|
near-close near-back rounded vowel
|
English foot [fUt] |
U\ |
|
|
central lax close rounded vowel, not in IPA |
|
V |
ʌ |
|
open-mid back unrounded vowel
|
English strut [str\Vt] |
W |
ʍ |
|
voiceless labial-velar fricative
|
Scots when [WEn] |
X |
χ |
|
voiceless uvular fricative
|
Welsh bach [baX] |
X\ |
ħ |
|
voiceless pharyngeal fricative
|
Arabic ha’ [X\?] |
Y |
ʏ |
|
near-close near-front rounded vowel
|
German hübsch [hYbS] |
Z |
ʒ |
|
voiced postalveolar fricative
|
English vision ["vIZ@n] |
In Wikipedia the usage of IPA instead of X-SAMPA is recommended — see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (pronunciation).
Last updated: 05-11-2005 07:56:46