Vanessa is an opera in four acts by Samuel Barber with a libretto by Gian Carlo Menotti. It was composed in 1956–1957, and was first performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York on January 15, 1958. Barber revised it in 1965, reducing the four acts to three; it is this version which is most commonly performed.

Vanessa was a critical and popular success and Barber won a Pulitzer Prize for it. In Europe, it met with a chillier reception. It is occasionally revived in the United States.

The setting: Vanessa's castle, in a northern country about 1905.