The U.S. Senate election, 1954 was an election for the United States Senate which was a midterm election in the first term of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. Eisenhower's Republican party lost a net of one seat to the Democratic opposition. This small change was enough to give Democrats control of the chamber.

Democrats defeated incumbents John S. Cooper (R-KY), Homer Ferguson (R-MI), Ernest S. Brown (R-NV), and Guy Cordon (R-OR), and took an open seat in Wyoming. Republicans took the seats of incumbents Guy M. Gillette (D-IA) and Thomas A. Burke (D-OH), and took open seats in Colorado and Idaho.

Senate contests in 1954

State	Incumbent	Party	Status	Opposing Candidates
Alabama	John Sparkman	Democrat	Re-elected, 82.5 - 17.5	J. Foy Guin, Jr. (Republican)
Arkansas	John L. McClellan	Democrat	Re-elected, unopposed
California1	Thomas H. Kuchel	Republican	Re-elected, 53.2 - 45.5	Samuel W. Yorty (Democrat)
Colorado	Edwin C. Johnson	Democrat	Retired: Republican victory, 51.3 - 48.7	Gordon Allott (Republican) John A. Carroll (Democrat)
Delaware	J. Allen Frear, Jr.	Democrat	Re-elected, 56.9 - 43.1	Herbert B. Warburton (Republican)
Georgia	Richard Russell, Jr.	Democrat	Re-elected, unopposed
Idaho	Henry C. Dworshak	Republican	Re-elected, 62.8 - 37.2	Glen H. Taylor (Democrat)
Illinois	Paul Douglas	Democrat	Re-elected, 53.6 - 46.4	Joseph T. Meek (Republican)
Iowa	Guy M. Gillette	Democrat	Defeated, 52.2 - 47.5	Thomas E. Martin (Republican)
Kansas	Andrew F. Schoeppel	Republican	Re-elected, 56.3 - 41.8	George McGill (Democrat)
Kentucky	John S. Cooper	Republican	Defeated, 54.5 - 45.5	Alben W. Barkley (Democrat)
Louisiana	Allen J. Ellender	Democrat	Re-elected, unopposed
Maine	Margaret C. Smith	Republican	Re-elected, 58.6 - 41.4	Paul A. Fullam (Democrat)
Massachusetts	Leverett Saltonstall	Republican	Re-elected, 50.5 - 49.0	Foster Furcolo (Democrat)
Michigan	Homer Ferguson	Republican	Defeated, 50.8 - 48.9	Patrick V. McNamara (Democrat)
Minnesota	Hubert H. Humphrey	Democrat	Re-elected, 56.4 - 42.1	Val Bjornson (Republican)
Mississippi	James O. Eastland	Democrat	Re-elected, unopposed
Montana	James E. Murray	Democrat	Re-elected, 50.4 - 49.6	Wesley A. D'Ewart (Republican)
Nebraska2	Samuel W. Reynolds	Republican	Retired: Republican victory, 60.9 - 39.1	Roman L. Hruska (Republican) James F. Green (Democrat)
Nebraska	Hazel H. Abel	Republican	Retired: Republican victory, 61.1 - 38.9	Carl T. Curtis (Republican) Keith Neville (Democrat)
Nevada3	Ernest S. Brown	Republican	Defeated, 58.1 - 41.9	Alan Bible (Democrat)
New Hampshire	Styles Bridges	Republican	Re-elected, 60.2 - 39.8	Gerard L. Morin (Democrat)
New Hampshire4	Robert W. Upton	Republican	Defeated in primary: Republican victory, 60.2 - 39.8	Norris Cotton (Republican) Stanley J. Betley (Democrat)
New Jersey	Robert C. Hendrickson	Republican	Retired: Republican victory, 48.7 - 48.5	Clifford P. Case (Republican) Charles R. Howell (Democrat)
New Mexico	Clinton P. Anderson	Democrat	Re-elected, 57.3 - 42.7	Edwin L. Mechem (Republican)
North Carolina	Alton Asa Lennon	Democrat	Defeated in primary: Democrat victory, 65.9 - 34.1	William Kerr Scott (Democrat) Paul C. West (Republican)
North Carolina5	Sam Ervin	Democrat	Re-elected, unopposed
Ohio6	Thomas A. Burke	Democrat	Defeated, 50.1 - 49.9	George H. Bender (Republican)
Oklahoma	Robert S. Kerr	Democrat	Re-elected, 55.8 - 43.7	Fred M. Mock (Republican)
Oregon	Guy Cordon	Republican	Defeated, 50.2 - 49.8	Richard L. Neuberger (Democrat)
Rhode Island	Theodore F. Green	Democrat	Re-elected, 59.3 - 40.7	Walter I. Sundlun (Republican)
South Carolina	Burnet R. Maybank	Democrat	Retired: Democrat victory, 63.1 - 36.8	Strom Thurmond (Democrat) Edgar A. Brown (Democrat)
South Dakota	Karl E. Mundt	Republican	Re-elected, 57.3 - 42.7	Kenneth Holum (Democrat)
Tennessee	Estes Kefauver	Democrat	Re-elected, 70.0 - 30.0	Tom Wall (Republican)
Texas	Lyndon B. Johnson	Democrat	Re-elected, 84.7 - 14.8	Carlos G. Watson (Republican)
Virginia	A. Willis Robertson	Democrat	Re-elected, 79.9 - 10.7 - 9.4	Charles W. Lewis, Jr. (Independent) Clarke T. Robb (Independent)
West Virginia	Matthew M. Neely	Democrat	Re-elected, 54.8 - 45.2	Thomas Sweeney (Republican)
Wyoming	Edward D. Crippa	Republican	Retired: Democrat victory, 51.5 - 48.5	Joseph C. O'Mahoney (Democrat) William H. Harrison (Republican)

¹ special election held due to election of Richard M. Nixon (R-CA) to the office of Vice President in 1952

² special election held due to death of Hugh Butler (R-NE)

³ special election held due to death of Patrick A. McCarran (D-NV)

⁴ special election held due to death of Charles W. Tobey (R-NH)

⁵ special election held due to death of Clyde Roark Hoey (D-NC)

⁶ special election held due to death of Robert A. Taft (R-OH)

See also

• U.S. Senate election, 1952
• U.S. Senate election, 1956
• U.S. House election, 1954

Senate composition before and after elections

83rd Congress Senate Composition

84th Congress Senate Composition

Color Key: Democrats Republicans Independent