Contents

1 Railways 1.1 Railway links with adjacent countries 2 Highways 3 Waterways 4 Pipelines 5 Ports and harbors 5.1 Caspian Sea 5.2 Other 6 Airports 6.1 Airports - with paved runways 6.2 Airports - with unpaved runways 7 See also

Railways

total: 14,400 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge: 14,400 km 1.520-m gauge (3,299 km electrified) (1997)

City with metro system under construction: Almaty.

Railway links with adjacent countries

• Russia - yes
• China - yes
• Kyrgyzstan - yes
• Uzbekistan - yes
• Turkmenistan - yes

• Caspian Sea - railhead 1524mm

Highways

total: 119,390 km
paved: 103,272 km
unpaved: 16,118 km (1998 est.)

Waterways

3,900 km on the Syrdariya (Syr Darya) and Ertis (Irtysh)

Pipelines

crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas 3,480 km (1992)

Ports and harbors

Caspian Sea

• Aqtau (Shevchenko) - railhead 1524mm
• Atyrau (Gur'yev) - railhead 1524mm

Other

• Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk)
• Pavlodar
• Semey (Semipalatinsk)

Airports

10 (1997 est.)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 9
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (1997 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (1997 est.)

See also

• Kazakhstan