Online Encyclopedia
Timeline of programming languages
This is a chronological list of programming languages.
Legend:
- ( Entry ) means not a universal programming language
- * <YEAR> means no direct predecessor / unique language
Predecessor(s) | Year | Name | Chief Developer, Company |
Pre 1950 |
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* | ~1840 | first program | Ada Lovelace |
* | 1945 | Plankalkül | Konrad Zuse |
1950s |
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* | 1952 | A-0 | Grace Hopper |
* | 1954 | Mark I Autocode | Tony Brooker |
A-0 | 1954-1955 | FORTRAN "0" (concept) | John W. Backus at IBM |
A-0 | 1954 | ARITH-MATIC | Grace Hopper |
A-0 | 1954 | MATH-MATIC | Grace Hopper |
* | 1954 | IPL V (concept) | Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon |
A-0 | 1955 | FLOW-MATIC | Grace Hopper |
IPL | 1956-1958 | LISP (concept) | John McCarthy |
FLOW-MATIC | 1957 | COMTRAN | Bob Bemer |
FORTRAN 0 | 1957 | FORTRAN "I" (implementation) | John W. Backus at IBM |
* | 1957 | COMIT (concept) | |
FORTRAN I | 1958 | FORTRAN II | John W. Backus at IBM |
FORTRAN | 1958 | ALGOL 58 (IAL) | International effort |
* | 1958 | IPL V (implementation) | Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon |
FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN | 1959 | COBOL (concept) | The Codasyl Committee |
IPL | 1959 | LISP (implementation) | John McCarthy |
1959 | TRAC (concept) | Mooers | |
1960s |
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ALGOL 58 | 1960 | ALGOL 60 | |
FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN | 1960 | COBOL 61 (implementation) | The Codasyl Committee |
* | 1961 | COMIT (implementation) | |
FORTRAN II | 1962 | FORTRAN IV | |
* | 1962 | APL (concept) | Iverson |
ALGOL 58 | 1962 | MAD | Arden , et. al. |
ALGOL 60 | 1962 | SIMULA (concept) | |
FORTRAN II, COMIT | 1962 | SNOBOL | Griswold, et al. |
ALGOL 60 | 1963 | CPL | Barron, Strachey, et al. |
SNOBOL | 1962 | SNOBOL4 (concept) | Griswold, et al. |
ALGOL 60 | 1963 | ALGOL 68 (concept) | van Wijngaarden, et al. |
ALGOL 58 | 1963 | JOSS I | Cliff Shaw, RAND |
CPL, LISP | 1964 | COWSEL | Burstall , Popplestone |
ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN | 1964 | PL/I (concept) | IBM |
FORTRAN II, JOSS | 1964 | BASIC | Kemeny and Kurtz |
1964 | TRAC (implementation) | Mooers | |
1964? | IITRAN | ||
JOSS | 1965 | TELCOMP | BBN |
JOSS I | 1966 | JOSS II | Chuck Baker, RAND |
FORTRAN II | 1966 | FORTRAN IV | |
LISP | 1966 | ISWIM | Landin |
ALGOL 60 | 1966 | CORAL66 | |
CPL | 1967 | BCPL | Richards |
FORTRAN, TELCOMP | 1967 | MUMPS | Massachusetts General Hospital |
* | 1967 | APL (implementation) | Iverson |
ALGOL 60 | 1967 | SIMULA 67 (implementation) | Dahl, Myhrhaug ,Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral |
SNOBOL | 1967 | SNOBOL4 (implementation) | Griswold, et al. |
COWSEL | 1968 | POP-1 | Burstall , Popplestone |
1968 | FORTH (concept) | Moore | |
LISP | 1968 | LOGO | Papert |
ALGOL 60 | 1969 | ALGOL 68 (implementation) | van Wijngaarden, et al. |
ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN | 1969 | PL/I (implementation) | IBM |
1970s |
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1970? | FORTH (implementation) | Moore | |
POP-1 | 1970 | POP-2 | |
ALGOL 60 | 1971 | Pascal | Wirth, Jensen |
SIMULA 67 | 1972 | Smalltalk-72 | Xerox PARC |
B, BCPL, ALGOL 68 | 1972 | C | Ritchie |
* | 1972 | INTERCAL | |
2-level W-Grammar | 1972 | Prolog | Colmerauer |
Pascal, BASIC | 1973 | COMAL | Christensen , Løfstedt |
BASIC | 1974 | GRASS | DeFanti |
LISP | 1975 | Scheme | Sussman, Steele |
BASIC | 1975 | Altair BASIC | Gates, Allen |
Smalltalk-72 | 1976 | Smalltalk-76 | Xerox PARC |
C, FORTRAN | 1976 | Ratfor | Kernighan |
* | 1977 | FP | John Backus |
* | 1977 | Bourne Shell (sh) | Bourne |
MUMPS | 1977 | Standard MUMPS | |
FORTRAN IV | 1978 | FORTRAN 77 | |
* | 1978 | VISICALC | Bricklin, Frankston at VisiCorp |
PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2 | 1979 | REXX | Cowlishaw |
C, SNOBOL | 1979 | Awk | Aho, Weinberger , Kernighan |
* | 1979 | Vulcan dBase-II | Ratliff |
ALGOL 68 | 1979 | Green | Ichbiah et al. at US Dept of Defense |
1980s |
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C, SIMULA 67 | 1980 | C with Classes | Stroustrup |
Smalltalk-76 | 1980 | Smalltalk-80 | Xerox PARC |
Green | 1983 | Ada 83 | US Dept of Defense |
C with Classes | 1983 | C++ | Stroustrup |
Pascal | 1983 | Turbo Pascal | Hejlsberg |
BASIC | 1983 | True BASIC | Kemeny, Kurtz at Dartmouth University |
sh | 1984? | Korn Shell (ksh) | Dave Korn |
* | 1984 | Standard ML | |
dBase | 1984 | CLIPPER | Nantucket |
1977MUMPS | 1985 | 1984 MUMPS | |
dBase | 1985 | PARADOX | Borland |
Interpress | 1985 | PostScript | Warnock |
BASIC | 1985 | QuickBASIC | Microsoft |
1986 | Miranda | David Turner at University of Kent | |
1986 | LabVIEW | National Instruments | |
SIMULA 67 | 1986 | Eiffel | Meyer |
1986 | Informix-4GL | Informix | |
Smalltalk | 1987 | Self (concept) | Sun Microsystems Inc. |
* | 1987 | HyperTalk | Apple |
* | 1987 | SQL-87 | |
C, sed, awk, sh | 1987 | Perl | Wall |
MATLAB | 1988 | Octave | |
dBase-III | 1988 | dBase-IV | |
Awk, Lisp | 1988 | Tcl | Ousterhout |
REXX | 1988 | Object REXX | Simon Nash |
Turbo Pascal | 1989 | Turbo Pascal OOP | Borland |
C | 1989 | Standard C | ANSI X3.159-1989 (adopted by ISO in 1990) |
Modula-2 | 1989 | Oberon | Wirth |
1990s |
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APL, FP | 1990 | J | Iverson, R. Hui at Iverson Software |
Miranda | 1990 | Haskell | |
1984MUMPS | 1990 | 1990 MUMPS | |
1991 | Python | Van Rossum | |
1991 | Q | ||
QuickBASIC | 1991 | Visual Basic | Alan Cooper at Microsoft |
SQL-87 | 1992 | SQL-92 | |
Turbo Pascal OOP | 1992 | Borland Pascal | |
ksh | 1993? | Z Shell (zsh) | |
Smalltalk | 1993? | Self (implementation) | Sun Microsystems Inc. |
Forth | 1993 | FALSE | Oortmerrsen |
FALSE | 1993 | Brainfuck | Mueller |
HyperTalk | 1993 | Revolution Transcript | |
HyperCard | 1993 | AppleScript | Apple |
APL, Lisp | 1993 | K | Whitney |
Smalltalk, Perl | 1993 | Ruby | |
1993 | Lua | Waldemar Celes et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio | |
C | 1993 | ZPL | Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington |
Ada 83 | 1995 | Ada 95 | ISO |
Borland Pascal | 1995 | Delphi | Anders Hejlsberg at Borland |
C, SIMULA67 OR C++, Smalltalk | 1995 | Java | James Gosling at Sun Microsystems |
1990MUMPS | 1995 | 1995 MUMPS | |
Self, Java | 1995? | LiveScript | Brendan Eich atNetscape |
REXX | 1996 | NetRexx | Cowlishaw |
LiveScript | 1997? | JavaScript | Brendan Eich at Netscape |
SML 84 | 1997 | SML 97 | |
PHP 3 | 1997 | PHP | |
Scheme | 1997 | Pico | Free University of Brussels |
Smalltalk-80, Self | 1997 | Squeak Smalltalk | Alan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer |
JavaScript | 1997? | ECMAScript | ECMA TC39-TG1 |
C++ | 1998 | Standard C++ | ANSI/ISO Standard C++ |
1998 | Erlang | Open Source Erlang at Ericsson | |
2000s |
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FP, Forth | 2000 | Joy | von Thun |
C, C++ | 2000 | D | Walter Bright at Digital Mars |
C, C++, Java | 2000 | C# | Anders Hejlsberg at Microsoft(ECMA) |
Whitespace | 2003 | Whitespace | Brady and Morris |
Perl, C++ | 2003 | S2 | Fitzpatrick, Atkins |
C#, ML, MetaHaskell | 2003 | Nemerle | University of Wroclaw |
J, FL, K | 2003 | NGL | E. Herrera at Tlällian |
Joy, Forth, Lisp | 2003 | Factor | Slava Pestov |
See also
- Other listings of programming languages:
- Programming language
- Timeline of computing
- History of computing hardware
External links
- Diagram & history of programming languages
- Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history
Last updated: 10-24-2004 05:10:45