Thomas Doughty (1793–1856) was an American artist of the Hudson River School.

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Thomas Doughty (?–1578) was an English nobleman who was a close friend of Francis Drake. On Drake's round-the-world voyage that began in 1577, Doughty was given command first of a captured Spanish ship, the Santa María (renamed Mary), and then of Drake's flagship the Pelican. Drake soon relieved Doughty of command, suspecting him of taking part in an incipient mutiny. In 1578, with the expedition anchored near Puerto San Julian (on the coast of what is now Brazil), Drake charged Doughty with not only mutiny, but witchcraft. Doughty was convicted by a jury of crewmembers and, after he and Drake received Communion and dined together, he was beheaded.