Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the ovaries of a female animal. In the case of non-human animals, this is also called spaying. It is a form of sterilization.

The removal of the ovaries together with the Fallopian tubes is called salpingo-oophorectomy. Oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy are not common forms of birth control in humans; more usual is tubal ligation, in which the Fallopian tubes are blocked but the ovaries remain intact.

In humans, oophorectomy is most usually performed together with a hysterectomy - the removal of the uterus. Its use in a hysterectomy when there are no other health problems is somewhat controversial.

In animals, spaying involves an invasive removal of the ovaries, but rarely has major complications; the superstition that it causes weight gain is not based on fact. Spaying is especially important for certain animals that require the ovum to be released at a certain interval (called estrus or "heat"), such as cats and dogs. If the cell is not released during these animal's heat, it can cause severe medical problems that can be averted by spaying or partnering the animal with a male.

Oophorectomy is sometimes referred to as castration, but that term is most often used to mean the removal of a male animal's testicles.

See also

• tubal ligation & birth control
• circumcision
• genital mutilation & female circumcision

Sharon Stone (born March 10, 1958), is an American actress, model, and producer.

Stone was born in Meadville, Pennsylvania, USA. In 1975, she won the Miss Pennsylvania beauty pageant. She made her film debut in Woody Allen's Stardust Memories (1980) and had a speaking part a year later in the horror movie Deadly Blessing (1981).

She married Michael Greenburg in 1984, a marriage which lasted just 3 years.

In the 1980s she played many parts in B-movies such as King Solomon's Mines (1985) and Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1987).

Her appearance in Total Recall (1990) with Arnold Schwarzenegger gave her her first wide exposure. She subsequently posed nude for Playboy at the age of 32. Her role in the sexually-charged Basic Instinct (1992) brought her to greater notoriety, and the film became a popular cult movie. In that year, she was rated by People magazine as one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world. In 1995, Empire magazine chose her as one of the 100 sexiest stars in film history.

In 1996, she received an Academy Award for Best Actress nomination for her role as Ginger in Martin Scorsese's Casino (1995), a role for which she won a Golden Globe award. In October 1997, she was ranked among the top 100 movie stars of all time by Empire magazine.

On February 14, 1998, she married Phil Bronstein, editor of the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1999, she was rated among the 25 sexiest stars of the century by Playboy.

Stone and Bronstein got a divorce in January 2004. They have an adopted son born in 2000.

Stone is a member of Mensa International. She lives in Beverly Hills, California.

Filmography

• A Different Loyalty (2004)
• Catwoman (2004)
• Cold Creek Manor (2003)
• Beautiful Joe (2000)
• Picking Up the Pieces (2000)
• Simpatico (1999)
• The Muse (1999)
• Gloria (1999)
• The Mighty (1998)
• Sphere (1998)
• Last Dance (1996)
• Diabolique (1996)
• Casino (1995)
• The Quick and the Dead (1995)
• Intersection (1994)
• The Specialist (1994)
• Sliver (1993)
• Where Sleeping Dogs Lie (1992)
• Basic Instinct (1992)
• Scissors (1991)
• Diary of a Hit Man (1991)
• Year of the Gun (1991)
• He Said, She Said (1991)
• Total Recall (1990)
• Beyond the Stars (1989) (aka Personal Choice) (1989)
• Sangre y arena (1989) (aka Blood and Sand) (1989)
• Action Jackson (1988)
• Above the Law (aka Nico) (1988)
• Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1987)
• Cold Steel (1987)
• (1987)
• King Solomon's Mines (1985)
• Irreconcilable Differences (1984)
• Deadly Blessing (1981)
• Stardust Memories (1980)

External link

• Sharon Stone http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000232/ at the Internet Movie Database
• Wallpaper Sharon Stone http://www.stars-celebrites.com/wallpapers/S/stone.htm