Salamanca is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, Valladolid, Ávila, and Cáceres, and by Portugal.

347,120 people (2002) live in the province, of whom 45% live in the capital, Salamanca. There are 362 municipalities in the province, of which more than half are villages with under 300 people.

See List of municipalities in Salamanca.