Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead (November 11, 1920 - January 5, 2003) was a British politician and a prominent Labour MP in the 1960s and 1970s and founder member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP).

Contents

1 Early life 2 Entry to the House of Commons 3 President of the European Commission 4 The Social Democratic Party 5 In the House of Lords 6 Selected bibliography

Early life

Born in Abersychan, Monmouthshire in south-eastern Wales, the son of an National Union of Mineworkers official and later MP, he was educated at Abersychan County School, University College, Cardiff , and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took First Class Honours in Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE). University colleagues included Tony Crosland, Denis Healey, and Edward Heath. During World War II he served with the Royal Artillery and then at Bletchley Park. He married Jennifer Morris in 1945.

Entry to the House of Commons

He entered the British House of Commons in 1948 as representative for Southwark, having previously failed to win in Solihull in 1945. In 1950 he changed constituency to Stetchford , Birmingham and remained MP for there until 1977. He was Home Secretary from 1965 to 1967 and was responsible for the relaxation of laws over abortion, homosexuality, divorce and censorship. From 1967 to 1970 he was Chancellor of the Exchequer, replacing James Callaghan following the devaluation of the pound in November 1967. He quickly gained a reputation as a particularly tough chancellor, although he was hesitant about increasing taxes and reducing expenditure.

When Labour returned to power he was made Home Secretary again, serving from 1974 to 1976.

President of the European Commission

Although he was tempted to challenge for leadership of Labour in March 1976 he instead was the first ever British citizen to be President of the European Commission, succeeding François-Xavier Ortoli, remaining in Brussels until 1981.

The Social Democratic Party

Jenkins split from the Labour party over policy and, as one of the so-called "gang of four", was a founder of the SDP in January 1981 with David Owen, Bill Rodgers and Shirley Williams. He led the new party from March 1982 until after the 1983 elections, and served as SDP MP for Glasgow Hillhead from 1982 to 1987.

In the House of Lords

From 1987, Jenkins remained in politics as a member of the House of Lords as Lord Jenkins of Hillhead. Also in 1987, Jenkins became Chancellor of Oxford University. In 1993, he was appointed to the Order of Merit. He was leader of the Liberal Democrats in the Lords until 1997. In December 1997 he was appointed chair of an independent commission, which became known as the "Jenkins Commission", to consider alternative voting systems for the UK. The Jenkins Commission reported in favour of a mixed system called "Alternative vote top-up" or "limited AMS" in October 1998. No action had been taken on this recommendation at the time of Jenkins' death from a heart attack in 2003.

Jenkins is the author of 19 books, including a biography of Gladstone (1995), which won the 1995 Whitbread Prize for Biography, and a much-acclaimed biography of Winston Churchill (2001). His official biographer, Andrew Adonis, was to have finished the Churchill biography had Lord Jenkins not survived heart surgery he underwent towards the end of its writing.

Selected bibliography

• Churchill: A Biography, Macmillan 2001, ISBN 0374123543.
• Gladstone, Random House 2002, ISBN 0812966414.
• A Life at the Centre, Macmillan 1992
• European Diary 1977-81, HarperCollins 1991
• Truman, HarperCollins 1986
• Baldwin, HarperCollins 1984
• Asquith, Collins 1964
• Sir Charles Dike: A Victorian Tragedy, Collins 1959
• Mr Balfour's Poodle, Collins 1954

Preceded by: Sir Frank Soskice	Home Secretary 1965–1967	Followed by: James Callaghan
Preceded by: James Callaghan	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1967–1970	Followed by: Iain Macleod
Preceded by: Leonard Robert Carr	Home Secretary 1974–1976	Followed by: Merlyn Rees

Preceded by: François-Xavier Ortoli

President of the European Commission 1977–1981

Succeeded by: Gaston Thorn