Quilpie is a town situated in western Queensland, Australia. Situated on the banks of the Bulloo River and on the Diamantina Developmental Road, it is 208 kilometres west of Charleville, and 980 kilometres west of the state capital, Brisbane. Quilpie is the administrative centre of the Quilpie Shire, which has a population of 1085 persons (ABS estimate 2003). Other townships in the shire include Adavale and Eromanga . The town of Quilpie was gazetted in 1917.

The economy of the area is based on the grazing and mining industries. The area has one of the largest deposits of boulder opal in the world, and also has extensive deposits of gas and oil.