Psychobiography is a type of biography that seeks to understand individual, often historical, people and their motivations in history. It uses psychological theories to aid the biography. The same idea of psychobiography is also a concept used by psychologists to focus research on individuals one at a time, rather than simply focusing on the group.

The word psychobiography has attracted negative criticism by biographers, often implying that the inferences made by the author are dubious. The term Freudian biography is sometimes used as a synonymous term, in a derogatory way.