Maximilian Oskar Bircher-Benner (August 22, 1867 - January 24, 1939) was a Swiss physician and a pioneer in nutritional research. At his sanatorium in Zürich, a balanced diet of raw vegetables and fruit was used as a means to heal patients, contrary to the beliefs commonly held at the end of the 19th century.

He is best known for the invention of the muesli cereal, although his invention differes significantly from what is today known as muesli.