Marie Louise (December 12, 1791 - December 17, 1847) was the second wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and Empress of France.

She was born Marie Louise Leopoldine Franziska Theresia Josepha Lucia, Princess Imperial and Archduchess of Austria, Princess Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, in Vienna, the daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria and his second wife, Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies .

On March 11, 1810, Marie Louise was married to Napoleon (by proxy). The marriage intended to link the Austrian Empire of her father to the First French Empire of her new husband. On March 20, 1811, the Empress had a son, Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles Bonaparte, styled King of Rome and later Duke of Reichstadt . After Napoleon's abdication Marie Louise and her son fled Paris to Blois then to Vienna where she remained until granted the duchies of Parma, Plaisance , and Guastalla by her family.

In 1821, four months after Napoleon's death, she married, morganatically, her lover, Adam-Adalbert, Count and Lord of Neipperg (1775-1829). The couple had two children out of wedlock:

• Albertine, Countess of Montenuovo (1817-1867, married Luigi, Count di Fontanellato)
• Wilhelm Albrecht, Count of Montenuovo, later created Prince of Montenuovo (1819-1895, married Countess Juliana Batthyány von Némét-Ujvár).

Marie-Louise and Neipperg also had a second daughter, Mathilde, Countess of Montenuovo, in 1822.

In 1834 Marie-Louise married, morganatically, her grand chamberlain , Charles-René, Count of Bombelles (1785-1856).

Marie Louise, former Empress of France, died on December 17, 1847 in Parma.