This is a list of Greek words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).
Transliteration
There are considerable differences between the various transliterations used to represent the Greek alphabet in English. The table in the sidebar shows:
- the "traditional" transliteration, in other words that used in Latin, representing classical Greek: this is the form in which most Greek words have made their way into English
- a "classical" transliteration, commonly used to represent more accurately the pronunciation of Ancient Greek
- the "modern" transliteration often used for Modern Greek
Greek had no letter h: a rough breathing over an initial vowel or diphthong – – indicates that the word was pronounced with an initial h, and a smooth breathing – ἀ ἐ ἠ ἰ ὀ ὐ ὠ – indicates the absence of an h, but this has since disappeared in speech, and Modern Greek omits the breathings. An initial upsilon (υ) always had the rough breathing – ὑ – hence hy is very common at the start of words derived from Greek, but no (or very few) such words start with y.
The letter rho (ρ) at the start of a word always had the rough breathing – ῥ – and is transliterated rh. If a rho occurred doubled within a word, the first ρ always had the smooth breathing and the second the rough breathing – ῤῥ – leading to the transiliteration rrh.
For a fuller discussion of these matters, see Greek alphabet.
Note: the distinction between the rough and smooth breathings as shown above may not be very clear on certain browsers.
Greek Words with Modern Derivatives
The Citation form shown is the form most commonly shown in dictionaries, but this form is often unrepresentative of the word as used to form a compound word, hence the Root form is also shown.
The "classical" transliteration as described above is used for both the Citation form and the Root form.
The Greek words are shown in polytonic orthography, in other words showing the breathings and the fuller range of accents, as used in Ancient Greek.
Α
(h)a
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ἅλς |
hals |
ἁλ- |
hal- |
salt |
halogen
|
ἀνήρ |
anēr |
ἀνδρ- |
andr- |
man (male human) |
androgen
|
ἄνθος |
anthos |
ἀνθο- |
antho- |
flower |
anthology
|
ἄνθρωπος |
anthrōpos |
ἀνθρωπο- |
anthrōpo- |
human being |
anthropomorphism
|
ἀράχνη |
arakhnē |
ἀραχνη |
arakhnē- |
spider |
arachnid
|
ἄριστος |
aristos |
ἀριστο- |
arist- |
best |
aristocracy
|
ἀρχαῖος |
arkhaios |
ἀρχαιο- |
arkhaio- |
ancient |
archaeology
|
ἀστήρ |
astēr |
ἀστερ- |
aster- |
star |
asteroid
|
ἄστρον |
astron |
ἀστρο- |
astro- |
constellation |
astrology
|
αὐτός |
autos |
αὐτο- |
auto- |
self (reflexive pronoun) |
autonomy
|
Β
b
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
βάρβαρος |
barbaros |
βαρβαρο- |
barbaro- |
stranger, non-Greek |
barbarian
|
βαρύς |
barus |
βαρυ- |
baru- |
heavy |
baritone
|
βίος |
bios |
βιο- |
bio- |
life |
biology
|
βραχύς |
brachus |
βραχυ- |
brachu- |
short |
brachycephalic
|
Γ
g
Δ
d
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
δῆμος |
dēmos |
δημο- |
dēmo- |
district, its inhabitants, commoners |
democracy
|
δόξα |
doxa |
δοξ- |
dox- |
opinion |
orthodox
|
Ε
(h)e
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ἑπτά |
hepta |
ἑπτα- |
hepta- |
seven |
heptarchy
|
εὖ |
eu |
εύ- |
eu- |
well |
eulogy
|
Ζ
z
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ζῶον |
zōon |
ζωο- |
zōo- |
animal |
zoology
|
Η
(h)ē
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ἡγεμῶν |
hēgemōn |
ἡγεμον- |
hēgemon- |
leader |
hegemony
|
ἠώς |
ēōs |
ἠο- |
ēo- |
dawn |
eocene
|
Θ
th
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
θεός |
theos |
θε- |
the- |
a god |
theology
|
θερμός |
thermos |
θερμ- |
therm- |
hot |
isotherm
|
Ι
(h)i
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ἰατρός |
iatros |
ἰατρο- |
iatro- |
doctor |
psychiatrist
|
ἴδιος |
idios |
ἰδι- |
idi- |
one’s own, private |
idiolect
|
ἱερός |
hieros |
ἱερο- |
hiero- |
sacred |
hierarchy
|
ἰχθύς |
ikhthus |
ἰχθυ- |
ikhthu- |
fish |
ichthyology, Ikhthus
|
Κ
k, c
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
κακός |
kakos |
κακο- |
kako- |
bad |
cacophony
|
κόσμος |
kosmos |
κοσμ- |
kosm- |
order, the universe |
cosmography, cosmetic
|
κρατος |
kratos |
κρατ- |
krat- |
power, rule |
autocrat
|
Λ
l
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
λίθος |
lithos |
λιθο- |
litho- |
stone |
lithography
|
λόγος |
logos |
λογο- |
logo- |
thought, word |
theology
|
Μ
m
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
μακρός |
makros |
μακρο- |
makro- |
large |
macron, macrobiotic
|
μέλας |
melas |
μελαν- |
melan- |
pigmented, black, ink |
Melanesia
|
μικρός |
mikros |
μικρο- |
mikro- |
small |
microscope
|
μνῆστις |
mnēstis |
μνη- |
mne- |
memory |
amnesia, amnesty
|
μόνος |
monos |
μονο- |
mono- |
alone, solitary, forsaken |
monotony
|
Μοῦσα |
Mousa |
μουσ- |
mous- |
a patron goddess of the arts |
music
|
Ν
n
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
νέος |
neos |
νεο- |
neo- |
new, young |
neon, neologism
|
Ξ
x
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ξένος |
xenos |
ξενο- |
xeno- |
strange, stranger, guest |
xenophobia
|
ξύλον |
xulon |
ξυλ- |
xul- |
wood |
xylophone, xylem
|
Ο
(h)o
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ὀλίγος |
oligos |
ὀλιγο- |
oligo- |
few, little, small |
oligarchy
|
ὅμοιος |
homoios |
ὁμοιο- |
homoio- |
similar |
homeopathy
|
ὀξύς |
oxus |
ὀξυ- |
oxu- |
sharp, acid |
oxygen
|
ὀρθός |
orthos |
ὀρθ- |
orth- |
straight, correct |
orthography
|
Π
p
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
πάθος |
pathos |
παθ- |
path- |
suffering, disease |
pathology
|
παιδεία |
paideia |
παιδεια- |
paideia- |
education, culture |
encyclopaedia
|
παῖς |
pais |
παιδ- |
paid- |
boy, child |
pedophilia |
πᾶς |
pas |
παν, πανσο;- |
pan-, panto- |
all, complete |
pantheism, pantomime
|
περί |
peri |
περι- |
peri |
around |
perimeter
|
πολύς |
polus |
πολυ- |
polu- |
many, much |
Polynesia
|
Ρ
r(h)
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ῥίς |
rhis |
ῥιν- |
rhin- |
nose |
rhinoceros
|
Σ
s
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
σαῦρος |
sauros |
σαυρο- |
sauro- |
lizard |
dinosaur
|
σκοπός |
skopos |
σκοπ- |
skop- |
observer |
telescope
|
σοφία |
sophia |
σοφια- |
sophia- |
knowledge, wisdom |
philosophy, sophistry
|
Τ
t
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
τῆλε |
tēle |
τηλε- |
tēle- |
far away |
telephone, telepathy
|
τόξον |
toxon |
τοξ- |
tox- |
archer’s bow, poison |
toxin
|
Υ
(h)u, (h)y
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ὕπνος |
hupnos |
ὑπνο- |
hupno- |
sleep |
hypnotism
|
Φ
ph
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
φιλία
φίλος |
philia,
philos |
φιλια-
φιλο- |
philia-,
philo- |
friendship
friend |
Philadelphia
|
φοβία
φόβος |
phobia
phobos |
φοβια
φοβο- |
phobia
phobo- |
irrational fear
fear |
phobia
Phobos
|
φυτόν |
phuton |
φυτο- |
phuto- |
plant |
neophyte
|
φωνή |
phōnē |
φωνη- |
phōnē- |
voice |
telephone
|
Χ
kh, ch
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
χαίτη |
khaitē |
χαιτη- |
khaitē- |
loose, flowing hair |
polychaete
|
χρόνος |
khronos |
χρον- |
khrono- |
time |
chronology
|
Ψ
ps
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ψυχή |
psukhē |
ψυχη- |
psukhē- |
spirit, mind |
psychology
|
Ω
(h)ō
Citation form |
Root form |
Meaning |
English Derivative |
ὠόν |
ōon |
ὠο- |
ōo- |
egg |
oocyte
|
ὥρα |
hōra |
ὡρα- |
hōra- |
season, hour |
horoscope
|
See also
External links
-
The Perseus Project - has many useful pages for the study of classical languages and literatures, including dictionaries.
Last updated: 06-02-2005 17:25:49