Katakana (片仮名, literally: "fragmentary kana") are a Japanese syllabary, one of four Japanese writing systems (the others are hiragana, kanji and rōmaji).
Katakana are characterized by squarish lines and are the simplest of the Japanese scripts.
Katakana are used for:
-
Emphasis, like italics in English.
-
Onomatopoeia, for example hii ヒー means "sigh".
- Names of animal and plant species.
-
Transliteration of words from foreign languages (called gairaigo). For example, "television" is written terebi テレビ. Foreign phrases are usually transliterated with a middle dot separating the words.
If you have a font including Japanese characters, you can view the following charts of katakana together with their Hepburn romanization (otherwise visit the page for hiragana).
| The first chart sets out the standard katakana (characters in red are obsolete): |
| ア a |
イ i |
ウ u |
エ e |
オ o |
|
| カ ka |
キ ki |
ク ku |
ケ ke |
コ ko |
キャ kya |
キュ kyu |
キョ kyo |
| サ sa |
シ shi |
ス su |
セ se |
ソ so |
シャ sha |
シュ shu |
ショ sho |
| タ ta |
チ chi |
ツ tsu |
テ te |
ト to |
チャ cha |
チュ chu |
チョ cho |
| ナ na |
ニ ni |
ヌ nu |
ネ ne |
ノ no |
ニャ nya |
ニュ nyu |
ニョ nyo |
| ハ ha |
ヒ hi |
フ fu |
ヘ he |
ホ ho |
ヒャ hya |
ヒュ hyu |
ヒョ hyo |
| マ ma |
ミ mi |
ム mu |
メ me |
モ mo |
ミャ mya |
ミュ myu |
ミョ myo |
| ヤ ya |
|
ユ yu |
|
ヨ yo |
|
| ラ ra |
リ ri |
ル ru |
レ re |
ロ ro |
リャ rya |
リュ ryu |
リョ ryo |
| ワ wa |
ヰ wi |
|
ヱ we |
ヲ wo |
|
|
ン n |
|
| ガ ga |
ギ gi |
グ gu |
ゲ ge |
ゴ go |
ギャ gya |
ギュ gyu |
ギョ gyo |
| ザ za |
ジ ji |
ズ zu |
ゼ ze |
ゾ zo |
ジャ ja |
ジュ ju |
ジョ jo |
| ダ da |
ヂ ji |
ヅ zu |
デ de |
ド do |
|
| バ ba |
ビ bi |
ブ bu |
ベ be |
ボ bo |
ビャ bya |
ビュ byu |
ビョ byo |
| パ pa |
ピ pi |
プ pu |
ペ pe |
ポ po |
ピャ pya |
ピュ pyu |
ピョ pyo |
|
The second chart sets out modern additions to the katakana. These are used mainly to represent the sounds in words in other languages.
|
|
イェ ye |
|
|
|
ウィ wi |
|
ウェ we |
ウォ wo |
|
| ヴァ va |
ヴィ vi |
ヴ vu |
ヴェ ve |
ヴォ vo |
|
|
シェ she |
|
|
|
ジェ je |
|
|
|
チェ che |
|
|
|
ティ ti |
トゥ tu |
|
|
|
テュ tyu |
|
|
|
ディ di |
ドゥ du |
|
|
|
デュ dyu |
|
|
| ツァ tsa |
ツィ tsi |
|
ツェ tse |
ツォ tso |
|
| ファ fa |
フィ fi |
|
フェ fe |
フォ fo |
|
|
フュ fyu |
|
|
Katakana are also sometimes used to write the Ainu language; there, consonants without a following vowel are indicated by writing the symbol for consonant+u (in the case of sh, consonant+i) small. Thus, for instance, a small プ represents p.
History
Katakana were developed by students who used parts of man'yōgana characters as shorthand when writing down words whose proper Chinese characters were unknown. For example, ka カ comes from the left side of ka 加 "increase". The figure below shows derivation of katakana from manyogana:
Up until a series of orthographic reforms immediately following World War II, katakana was used for okurigana in official documents, and frequently in other contexts.
Katakana in Unicode
In Unicode, Katakana occupy code points U+30A0 to U+30FF [1] http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U30A0.pdf :
| |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
| 30A |
|
゠ |
ァ |
ア |
ィ |
イ |
ゥ |
ウ |
ェ |
エ |
ォ |
オ |
カ |
ガ |
キ |
ギ |
ク |
| 30B |
|
グ |
ケ |
ゲ |
コ |
ゴ |
サ |
ザ |
シ |
ジ |
ス |
ズ |
セ |
ゼ |
ソ |
ゾ |
タ |
| 30C |
|
ダ |
チ |
ヂ |
ッ |
ツ |
ヅ |
テ |
デ |
ト |
ド |
ナ |
ニ |
ヌ |
ネ |
ノ |
ハ |
| 30D |
|
バ |
パ |
ヒ |
ビ |
ピ |
フ |
ブ |
プ |
ヘ |
ベ |
ペ |
ホ |
ボ |
ポ |
マ |
ミ |
| 30E |
|
ム |
メ |
モ |
ャ |
ヤ |
ュ |
ユ |
ョ |
ヨ |
ラ |
リ |
ル |
レ |
ロ |
ヮ |
ワ |
| 30F |
|
ヰ |
ヱ |
ヲ |
ン |
ヴ |
ヵ |
ヶ |
ヷ |
ヸ |
ヹ |
ヺ |
・ |
ー |
ヽ |
ヾ |
ヿ |
See also
Last updated: 02-08-2005 20:26:10
Last updated: 05-03-2005 17:50:55
