The phrase Judeo-Islamic tradition refers to the "mutual and interacting cultural influences" that existed between the predominant Muslim society of the Middle East, North Africa, and to some degree, India, and the Jewish minority that lived within that society. By encompassing music, art, science, and mathematics, as well as theology and mysticism, it encompasses Islam in its widest sense as a civilization, as well as a religion. In general, the term refers to the historical relationship between the two communities, and was no longer relevant once Jews living in Islamic countries emigrated en masse to Israel and the West.

There are separate articles on the relationship between Islam and Judaism. A separate article, The Bible in Islam discusses the way that Muslims have traditionally understood the Bible.

See also: Judaism, Islam, Religious pluralism