JCB is an abbreviation of JC Bamford, a British manufacturer of heavy industrial vehicles such as bulldozers and diggers (backhoes in US English). The initials, displayed in heavy black type on bright yellow paintwork, are so familiar that many people refer to all similar machines as JCBs, regardless of their manufacturer. This is similar to the common use of Caterpillar in the U.S. to refer to heavy equipment even when not made by Caterpillar Inc.

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JCB is also a common abbreviation of Japan Credit Bureau, who issues the JCB credit card.

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JCB is also an abbreviation of the # James Coburn Band http://www.jamescoburnband.com/ who play blues in and around the London area.