Online Encyclopedia
Hiroshima
- This article is about the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima. For the town that was formerly named Hiroshima in Hokkaido, see Kitahiroshima.
Hiroshima (広島市; -shi) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chugoku region of western Japan. It is best known throughout the world as the first city in history subjected to nuclear warfare.
As of 2003, the city has an estimated population of 1,136,684 and the density of 1,532.44 persons per km². The total area is 741.75 km².
As of 2004, the city's mayor is Tadatoshi Akiba.
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History
Hiroshima was founded in 1589, on the coast of the Seto Inland Sea, and became a major urban center during the Meiji period. The city is located on the broad, flat delta of the Ota River, which has 7 channel outlets dividing the city into six islands which project into Hiroshima Bay. The city is almost entirely flat and only slightly above sea level; to the northwest and northeast of the city some hills rise to 700 feet.
During the First Sino-Japanese War, Hiroshima emerged as a major supply and logistics base for the Japanese military, a role that it continued to play during World War II. The city was heavily damaged in World War II by the nuclear weapon Little Boy, the second such device to be detonated, and the first ever used in military action. The American atomic attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the major factor leading to the surrender of the Japanese Government several days later.
After the nuclear attack, Hiroshima was rebuilt as a "peace memorial city." The city government continues to advocate for the abolition of nuclear weapons, and more broadly for world peace.
Hiroshima gained city status on April 1, 1889 and was designated on April 1, 1980 by government ordinance.
World War II bombing
Hiroshima was greatly devastated by its atomic bombing on August 6, 1945. See the article Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
After the war
Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with new modern buildings rising all over the city. In 1949, Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament, at the initiative of its mayor Shinzo Hamai (b. 1905-d. 1968). As a result, the city of Hiroshima was receiving more international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. As part of that effort, the Hiroshima Interpreters' and Guide's Association (HIGA) was established in 1992 in order to facilitate translation services for conferences, and the Hiroshima Peace Institute was established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University. In 1994, the City of Hiroshima hosted the Asian Games.
Also, as a result of the atomic bombing, Hiroshima began to receive donations of streetcars from all over Japan. (After World War II, Japanese cities - like British ones - were anxious to get rid of their streetcar systems due to damage to the infrastructure, and so there were plenty of streetcars available to give away.) Hiroshima thus rebuilt its streetcar system along with the rest of the city, and thus Hiroshima is the only city in Japan with an extensive streetcar system (although other cities have streetcar lines). Some streetcars that survived the war - and the nuclear attack - were put back into service, and four of these are still running today. For the most part, however, Hiroshima has updated its streetcars over the years.
Tens of thousands of people marked the 40th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city on August 6, 1985.
Industry
Mazda Motor Company, now controlled by the Ford Motor Company, is by far Hiroshima's dominant company. Mazda makes many models in Hiroshima for worldwide export, including the popular MX-5/Miata and Mazda RX-7. Other Mazda factories are in Hofu, Yamaguchi and Flat Rock, Michigan.
Attractions
Baseball fans immediately recognize the city as the home of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp. Six-time champions of Japan's Central League, the team has gone on to win the Japan Series three times.
Sanfrecce Hiroshima is the city's J. League soccer team.
Hiroshima's rebuilt castle (nicknamed Rijō, meaning Koi Castle) houses a museum of life in the Edo period.
Itsukushima ("Miyajima") Shrine is in the town of Miyajima, on the island of Itsukushima, across from Hiroshima. Its large red "floating gate" is one of the best known sights of Japan.
Further reading
- Robert Jungk, Children of the Ashes, 1st Eng. ed. 1961
- Gar Alperovitz , The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, ISBN 067976285X
- John Hersey, Hiroshima, ISBN 0679721037
See also
External links
- Official website in Japanese
- Devotion to the Cause of Peace - The City of Hiroshima
- Hiroshima HIRODEN Streetcars
- GAP Activity Projects projects for male volunteers in the Red Cross Hiroshima Hospital and Kummanoto Hospital, caring for survivors of the atomic bomb
- "Better World Links" portal site page on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- Hiroshima Travel Guide
- Remembering the Korean Atom Bomb Victims