George Washington Vanderbilt III (1914-1961) was a yachtsman and a scientific explorer who was a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family.

Born in New York city, he was the son of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt and his second wife, Margaret Emerson. He was the brother of Alfred G. Vanderbilt II and a half-brother to William Henry Vanderbilt III from his father's first marriage. His father perished on the RMS Lusitania in 1915 when George was only a year old.

His mother remarried two more times and had a daughter, Gloria Baker. Vanderbilt's maternal grandfather, Isaac Edward Emerson , was a very wealthy businessman who made a fortune in a variety of business ventures including in patent medicines, the most notable of which was Bromo-Seltzer . A sailing enthusiast, Emerson instilled a love for the sport in George Vanderbilt from an early age and as an adult, he used his sailing skills and wealth for scientific research.

In 1936 and 1937 George Vanderbilt sponsored a renewal of auto races for the Vanderbilt Cup but most important to him was a scholarly interest in the study of marine life. He owned several yachts and used them to conduct scientific expeditions all over the globe. His voyages conducted important research in expeditions to Africa in 1934 and aboard the schooner Cressida, he made a ocean journey in 1937 to the South Pacific notably in Sumatra that carried out a systematic study of more than 10,000 fish specimens (434 species in 210 genera).

His fifth major expedition was on the schooner Pioneer in 1941 to the Bahamas, Caribbean Sea, Panama, Galapagos Archipelago and Mexican Pacific Islands.

He established the George Vanderbilt Foundation for scientific research but outside academic circles, his important work has mostly been overshadowed by the lavish lifestyles and the Vanderbilt mansions of some of the other members of the Vanderbilt family.