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Freeport Doctrine

The Freeport Doctrine was articulated by Stephen Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, at Freeport, Illinois. It stated that despite the ruling of the United States Supreme Court in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case, slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in the territory to pass laws favorable to slavery.

Douglas's actual words were:

The next question propounded to me by Mr. Lincoln is, Can the people of a Territory in any lawful way, against the wishes of any citizen of the United States, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution? I answer emphatically, as Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois, that in my opinion the people of a Territory can, by lawful means, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution. Mr Lincoln knew that I had answered that question over and over again. He heard me argue the Nebraska bill on that principle all over the State in 1854, in 1855, and in 1856, and he has no excuse for pretending to be in doubt as to my position on that question. It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question whether slavery may or may not go into a Territory under the Constitution, the people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations. Those police regulations can only be established by the local legislature; and if the people are opposed to slavery, they will elect representatives to that body who will by unfriendly legislation effectually prevent the introduction of it into their midst. If, on the contrary, they are for it, their legislation will favor its extension. Hence, no matter what the decision of the Supreme Court may be on that abstract question, still the right of the people to make a Slave Territory or a Free Territory is perfect and complete under the Nebraska bill. I hope Mr. Lincoln deems my answer satisfactory on that point.

In taking this position, Douglas was attempting to find a compromise between pro-slavery and anti-slavery positions. However, this statement served to alienate Southern Democrats and would eventually be key to his loss in the 1860 U.S. presidential election.

External links

  • http://www.bartleby.com/251/22.html - a version of the text of Freeport Lincoln-Douglas debate
  • http://www.nps.gov/liho/debate2.htm - another version of the text of the Freeport Lincoln-Douglas debate
Last updated: 06-01-2005 21:57:36
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