Eduard Streltsov (Эдуард Анатольевич Стрельцов, born July 21, 1937; died July 20, 1990) is a former Soviet football (soccer) player, who was nicknamed Russian Pelé.

Streltsov played for Torpedo Moscow. In 1958, as the Soviet national team qualified for its first World Cup, he was ordered to join either the Soviet Army's CSKA or KGB's Dynamo Moscow, but refused. As a result, Streltsov was kicked off the national team and was sent to seven years in a labor camp. He came back to Torpedo in 1965, and promptly led them to the Soviet Championship.

Streltsov played 38 times for the Soviet national team, scoring 24 goals. In Russian football, the heel pass bears his name.