The barycenter is the center of mass of two or more bodies which are orbiting each other, and is the point around which both of them orbit.

In the case where one of the two objects is much larger and more massive than the other, the barycenter will be located within the larger object and rather than appearing to orbit it will simply be seen to "wobble" slightly. This is the case for the Moon and Earth, where the barycenter is located on average 4,671 km from Earth's center, well within the planet's radius of 6,378 km. When the two bodies are of similar masses (or at least the mass ratio is less extreme), however, the barycenter will be located outside of either of them and both bodies will follow an orbit around it. This is the case for Pluto and Charon, Jupiter and the Sun, and many binary asteroids and binary stars.

The distance from the center of a body to the barycenter in a simple two-body case can be calculated as follows:

where r₁ is the distance from body 1 to the barycenter, r_tot is the distance between the two bodies, and m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the two bodies.