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Camp David 2000 Summit

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The Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David of July 2000 took place between United States President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat. It was another attempt at negotiating a peace to the unending Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Contents

1 The Summit

2 Reasons for Impasse

2.1 Territory
2.2 Jerusalem and the Temple Mount
2.3 Refugees and Right of Return

3 Aftermath

4 Related articles

5 External links

The Summit

President Clinton announced his invitation to Barak and Arafat on July 5, 2000, to come to Camp David to continue their negotiations on the Middle East peace process. Building on the positive steps towards peace of the earlier Camp David Accords (1978) where President Jimmy Carter was able to broker a peace agreement between Egypt, represented by President Anwar Sadat, and Israel represented by Prime Minister Menachem Begin. And, it sought to build on the momentum of the earlier peace negotiations that led to the Oslo Accords of 1993 between the assassinated Israeli Prime Minister Yitschak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat .

On July 11, the Camp David 2000 Summit convened. The summit ended on July 25, without an agreement being reached. At its conclusion, a Trilateral Statement was issued defining the agreed principles to guide future negotiations.

Trilateral Statement on the Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David July 25, 2000:

"President William J. Clinton Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat Between July 11 and 24, under the auspices of President Clinton, Prime Minister Barak and Chairman Arafat met at Camp David in an effort to reach an agreement on permanent status. While they were not able to bridge the gaps and reach an agreement, their negotiations were unprecedented in both scope and detail. Building on the progress achieved at Camp David, the two leaders agreed on the following principles to guide their negotiations:

The two sides agreed that the aim of their negotiations is to put an end to decades of conflict and achieve a just and lasting peace.

The two sides commit themselves to continue their efforts to conclude an agreement on all permanent status issues as soon as possible.

Both sides agree that negotiations based on UN Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 are the only way to achieve such an agreement and they undertake to create an environment for negotiations free from pressure, intimidation and threats of violence.

The two sides understand the importance of avoiding unilateral actions that prejudge the outcome of negotiations and that their differences will be resolved only by good faith negotiations.

Both sides agree that the United States remains a vital partner in the search for peace and will continue to consult closely with President Clinton and Secretary Albright in the period ahead."

Reasons for Impasse

Both sides blamed the other for the failure of the talks: the Palestinians claiming they were not offered enough, and the Israelis claiming that they could not reasonably offer more. In the end, it was Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat that walked away from the negotiating table. There were three principal obstacles to agreement.

Territory

The final proposal proffered by Barak would have meant Israeli annexation of 10% of the West Bank (largely encompassing current settlement blocs) in exchange for a much smaller swathe of land in the Negev desert. Palestinians claim that accepting the offer would have the effect of reducing the Palestinian state to what they characterized as "Bantustans:" scattered pieces of territory separated by highways for Israelis, security checkpoints and Israeli settlements. In addition, under the Israeli proposal, Israel would control the Palestinian state's water resources, borders and customs, and a further 10% of the West Bank under nominal Palestinian sovereignty (chiefly along the Jordanian border). Israelis counter that these terms were necessary to preserve Israeli security. Palestinians said this was not an offer of peace but a demand for complete surrender, that they were not offered a state but a "prison camp".

Jerusalem and the Temple Mount

A particularly virulent territorial dispute revolved around the final status of Jerusalem. Although offered much of East Jerusalem, the Palestinians rejected a proposal for "custodianship," though not sovereignty, over the Temple Mount, demanding complete sovereignty, which for Jews would have meant losing a bond with both the Mount and the attached Western Wall.

Refugees and Right of Return

The Palestinians allege that the proposed solution did not adequately address the issue of the Palestinian refugee problem. While realizing not all refugees could return, the Palestinian argued that any meaningful peace settlement would have to take the future of these people into account. In particular, they called for a right of return and an Israeli acknowledgment that they too had been responsible for the creation of the refugee problem (see also New Historians). The Israelis countered that over a million Jews have been pushed out of Arab countries since 1948. They also claim that allowing a right of return to Israel proper, rather than the newly created Palestinian state, would mean an influx of Palestinians that would fundamentally alter the demographics of Israel, jeopardizing Israel's Jewish character.

Aftermath

Soon after the collapse of the 2000 summit, Ariel Sharon and a delegation of Likud politicians took a tour of the Temple Mount to demonstrate Israel's control. A wave of suicide bombings were unleashed by the Palestinians running from 2000 into 2003 and an uprising called the al-Aqsa Intifada began. Hundreds of Israelis were killed and thousands seriously wounded. In reprisal Israel sent in the Israel Defence Force to seal off the Gaza Strip and re-occupy the West Bank which was brought under strict military rule. Senior Palestinian militants were targeted for assassinations by Israel, and many hardships were imposed on the Palestinian population as Israel sought to seal itself off. Ehud Barak was defeated by Ariel Sharon in 2001, and Sharon was re-elected as Israel's prime minister again in 2003. There was a sharp swing to the right in Israeli politics as the population supported a hard-line towards the Palestinians in 2003 and Yasser Arafat was besieged and quarantined by the Israelis in his Ramallah headquarters.

Clinton's successor, President George W. Bush, has refused to meet with Yasser Arafat calling for his removal. President Bush has put forward a proposal called a "road map" for peace which calls for a fully democratic Palestinian state in 2005.

External links

General

Interview with Dennis Ross about the summit
Comparing Camp David I and II, Dr. Kenneth W. Stein, Emory University

The following links reference an extended exchange in the pages of the New York Review of Books on Camp David 2000. Presented here in chronological order.