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1813
1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar).
Events
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March 17 - Through a newspaper, the Prussian king Frederick William III of Prussia calls for resistance against the Napoleonic occupation
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April 27 - War of 1812: Battle of York - United States troops raid, destroy, but do not hold the capital of Ontario, York (present day Toronto, Ontario).
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May 2 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Lützen
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May 20-May 21 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Bautzen
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May 27 - War of 1812: In Canada, United States forces capture Fort George.
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June 6 - War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek - A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeat an American force three times its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
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June 21 - Peninsular War: Battle of Vittoria - A British, Spanish, and Portuguese force of 78000 with 96 guns under Wellington defeats a French force of 58000 with 153 guns under Joseph Bonaparte to end the Peninsular War.
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July 5 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser , Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.
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August 19 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second triumvirate.
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August 26-August 27 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Dresden
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August 29-August 30 - Napoleon's troops defeated at Kulm
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September - Robert Southey becomes Poet Laureate of Britain
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September 10 - War of 1812: Oliver Perry defeats a British fleet in the Battle of Lake Erie
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October 5 - War of 1812: William Henry Harrison defeats the British at the Battle of the Thames, killing native leader Tecumseh
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October 16-October 19 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Leipzig
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October 24-November 5 - Persia and Russia sign the Gulistan Treaty of 1813 at the end of the first Russo-Persian Wars (1804-1813) by which Persia (Iran) loses all its territories to the north of Aras River to the Russians.
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October 25 - War of 1812: Charles de Salaberry defeats an American invasion at the Battle of Chateauguay
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November 11 - War of 1812: the Americans are defeated at the Battle of Crysler's Farm
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November 21 - An independent government is restored in the Netherlands.
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December 29 - War of 1812: British soldiers burn Buffalo, New York
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Russian troops reach and take Berlin without a fight after the French garrison evacuated the city.
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Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking Trait des poisons, formalizing the field of toxicology.
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George Hamilton-Gordon serves as ambassador extraordinaire in Vienna.
Ongoing events
Births
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January 19 - Sir Henry Bessemer, English inventor (d. 1898)
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January 21 - John C. Frémont, American soldier and explorer (d. 1890)
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February 11 - Otto Ludwig , German writer
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March 18 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German poet and playwright (d. 1863)
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March 19 - David Livingstone, English missionary and explorer (d. 1873)
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March 21 - James Strang, Mormon splinter group leader (d. 1856)
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March 27 - Nathaniel Currier, American illustrator (d. 1888)
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April 23 - Stephen A. Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois and candidate for the U.S. presidency (d. 1861)
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May 5 - Soren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (d. 1855)
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May 21 - Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman (d. 1843)
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May 22 - Richard Wagner, German composer (d. 1883)
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June 24 - Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (d. 1887)
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October 10 - Giuseppe Verdi, Italian opera composer (d. 1901)
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October 17 - Georg Büchner, German playwright (d. 1837)
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December 13 - David Spangler Kaufman, American politician, first Jewish Congressman from Texas (d. 1851)
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Abbas I, pasha of Egypt (d. 1854)
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John Miley, American Methodist theologian (d. 1895)
Deaths
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January 20 - Christoph Martin Wieland, German poet and writer (b. 1733)
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April 10 - Joseph Louis Lagrange, Italian mathematician (b. 1746)
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April 27 - Zebulon Pike, American general (b. 1779)
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April 28 - Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745)
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June 6 - Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect (b. 1739)
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July 29 - Jean-Andoche Junot, French Napoleonic general (suicide) (b. 1771)
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August 11 - Henry James Pye, English poet (b. 1745)
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August 23 - Alexander Wilson, Scottish-born ornithologist (b. 1766)
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October 5 - Tecumseh, Shawnee leader
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November 12 - Jean de Crévecoeur, French-American writer (b. 1735)
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December 24 - Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (b. 1740)
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