Pierre Culliford (1928–1992), known as Peyo, is a Belgian illustrator, perhaps best known for the creation of the Smurfs comic strip. He took on the name "Peyo" early in his professional career, based on an English cousin's mispronunciation of "Pierrot".

He began work, fresh out of school, at Le Journal de Spirou, a children's illustrated weekly (published by Dupuis ) which first appeared in Belgium in 1938. Peyo wrote and drew a number of characters and storylines, including "Poussy", "Pierrot", and "Benoit Brisefer" (translated into English as "Steven Strong"). But his favorite was "Johan et Pirlouit" (translated into English as "Johan and Peewit"), which began in 1947.

Set in the middle ages in Europe, Johan is a brave young page to the king, and Peewit (pronounced Pee-Wee) is his faithful, if boastful and cheating, midget sidekick. Johan rides off to defend the meek on his trusty horse, while Peewit gallops sporadically behind on his goat, named Biquette. The pair are driven by duty to their king, and the courage to defend the underpowered.

It was in "Johan et Pirlouit", on 23 October 1958, that the first Smurf appeared.