A pestilence is an epidemic or even a pandemic of a virulent and highly contagious disease. Cholera or Bubonic plague are examples of pestilence.

In addition to its dictionary meaning, "pestilence" may refer to the following.

• Pestilence is one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, along with War, Famine, and Death.
• Pestilence is a Dutch death metal band.