The Palmarian Church (also One, Catholic, Apostolic and Palmarian Church) is a break-off movement from the Catholic Church.

It was established in 1975 by Clemente Domínguez y Gómez, an insurance broker from Seville, Spain, who claimed the Virgin Mary appeared to him at a shrine outside the small village of El Palmar de Troya in Andalusia with instructions to rid the Roman Catholic Church of "heresy and progressivism." After ineffectual reform efforts, he set up his own "Holy See" in Seville. In 1978, he elected himself pope, as Gregory XVII, and named his own cardinals.

The church claims to have 60 priests (all bishops), 70 nuns and 2,000 followers. It has chapels in Britain and Latin America.

Gregory XVII called the traditional Catholic Church a false church, saying "John Paul is seated on Rome's seven hills and holds in his hand the golden cup of filth and fornication." He "excommunicated" John Paul II and canonized Francisco Franco and Christopher Columbus.

The original version of this article was adapted from "A million gather for Pope's 'last words' to Spain" by Isambard Wilkinson in Madrid.

Also of note, in The Golden Compass by Philip Pullman, a professor at Jordon College is the Palmerian Professor.