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Oliver Baldwin, 2nd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley

Oliver Ridsdale Baldwin, 2nd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (March 1, 1899 to 10 August 1958), British politician, had a quixotic career shadowed by his difficult relations with his father, three-time Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin.

Balswin was educated at Eton College, and grew up in the shadow of his father's political career. He joined the Irish Guards in 1916 and served in France through the remainder of World War I. After the war he travelled extensively and worked as a jounalist and travel writer. He fell out with his Conservative family, announcing that he was a Marxist and then joining the Labour Party. He took to addressing crowds from a socialist platform at Hyde Park Corner, a curious pastime for a son of a Conservative Cabinet minister.

There was much speculation about Oliver Baldwin's break with his family, but the real reason could not be stated: this was that he was gay, and his family sternly disapproved. For many years Baldwin father and son did not speak to each other, except across the floor of the House of Commons.

At the 1924 elections Baldwin contested the seat of Dudley for Labour. By this time his father was leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister, and his candidacy naturally attracted press comment. At the 1929 election he won Dudley, and served as a backbench member of Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government, facing his defeated father across the House.

Like other young Labour members, Baldwin was bitterly disillusioned with MacDonald's failure in office and his defection in 1931 to join with the Conservatives in a "National Government." Baldwin resigned from the Labour Party in disgust and briefly joined Oswald Mosley's New Party. But he soon resigned from it (well before it became the British Union of Fascists) and rejoined Labour.

In 1931 Baldwin lost his seat, and returned to journalism. He contested Paisley, Scotland at the 1935 election. In 1937 Stanley Baldwin retired from politics and was created Earl Baldwin of Bewdley. As a result Oliver Baldwin acquired the courtesy title Viscount Corvedale, although he remained a commoner. In 1939 he rejoined the army, becoming a major in the Intelligence Corps and serving in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Eritrea and Algeria.

Among the consequences of Baldwin's homosexuality was a rift with his cousin Rudyard Kipling. (Kipling was Stanley Baldwin's first cousin, and is sometimes referred to as Oliver's uncle). Baldwin had idolised Kipling in his youth and had been a favourite of the Kipling family. But when Kipling learned of Oliver's "beastliness" (and his radical politics), he cut him off. When Kipling died in 1936 Baldwin made a speech attacking his famous relative which was widely reported, although the real reason for the hostility could not be mentioned.

In 1945, when Labour returned to power under Clement Attlee, Baldwin was elected for Paisley. In 1946 he was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Secretary for War, a post he held until 1947. But there was little chance that he would hold high office. His homosexuality was well-known, and Attlee held puritanical views on this issue: he kept Tom Driberg out of the government for the same reason.

When Stanley Baldwin died in 1947, his son succeeded him as Earl Baldwin of Bewdley. It was not possible at this time to renounce a peerage, and Baldwin had no choice but to leave the Commons and take his seat in the House of Lords. Later that year, presumably to give him a dignified exit from politics, he was appointed Governor of the Leeward Islands, a British colonial territory in the Caribbean. He created a minor scandal by taking his long-time partner with him.

Partly for this reason, and partly because he made no secret of his continuing socialist views among the British planter elite in Antigua, Baldwin was recalled in 1950. He died in 1958 and was succeeded in the earldom by his brother.

Further reading

  • Christopher J. Walker, Oliver Baldwin: A Life of Dissent (Arcadia Books, 2003)
Preceded by:
Stanley Baldwin
Earl Baldwin of Bewdley Followed by:
Arthur Baldwin
Last updated: 05-23-2005 10:18:44