Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov (Russian: Николай Николаевич Рукавишников; September 18, 1932, Tomsk – October 19, 2002) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, and Soyuz 33. Two of these missions, Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 33 were intended to dock with Salyut space stations, but failed to do so.

Rukavishnikov studied at the Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute and after graduation worked for Sergey Korolev's design bureau. He was selected for cosmonaut training in 1967

He resigned from the space programme in 1987 and returned to work for the same bureau he started with, by then known as Energia.

He died of a heart attack on October 19, 2002.