Nerchinsk Treaty was the first treaty between Russia and China. It was signed on August 27, 1689 as a result of a military conflict over Priamurye region. According to this treaty, Russia lost access to the Sea of Okhotsk, but established trade relations with Qing Dynasty China. The border between Russia and China was established to follow the Stanovoy Ridge and the Argun river. This territory lies precisely in the same limits as the ancient Manchu provinces of Hulum and East (Maritime) Tartary, where the ancestors of Manchus, the founders of Qing Dynasty, originated from.

The treaty conditions were revised to Russia's benefit by the Aigun Treaty of 1858 and the Beijing Treaty of 1860, which established the Russo-Chinese border of today.