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Mir

This article is about Mir, the Soviet space station. See Mir (disambiguation) for other meanings.

Mir
Mission Insignia
Mission Statistics
Mission Name: Mir
Call Sign: Mir
Launch: February 19, 1986
21:28:23 UTC
Baikonur, USSR
Reentry: March 23, 2001
05:50:00 UTC
Crew: 28 long duration crews
Occupied: 4,594 days
In Orbit: 5,511 days
Number of
Orbits:		 ~89,067
Apogee: 244 mi (393 km)
Perigee: 239 mi (385 km)
Period: 89.1 min
Inclination 51.6 deg
Distance
Traveled:		 ~2,260,840,632 mi
(~3,638,470,307 km)
Orbital Mass:
w/Spektr, Kristal, etc.		 124,340 kg
Mir


Mir (Мир, which can mean both world and peace in Russian) was a highly successful Soviet (and later Russian) space station. It was humanity's first permanently inhabited long-term research station in space. Through a number of collaborations, it was made internationally accessible to cosmonauts and astronauts of many different countries. Mir was assembled in orbit by successively connecting several modules, each launched separately from February 19, 1986 to 1996. The station existed until March 23, 2001.


History

Mir was based upon the Salyut series of space stations previously launched by the Soviet Union. It was mainly serviced by Russion manned Soyuz spacecraft and Progress cargo ships. It was anticipated that it be also the destination for flights by the later abandoned Buran space shuttle. In later years, after the end of the cold war, the Shuttle-Mir program combined Russia's Mir capabilities with United States space shuttles. The orbiting Mir provided a large and livable scientific laboratory in outer space. The visiting space shuttles provided transportation and supplies, as well as temporary enlargements of living and working areas, creating history's largest spacecraft, with a combined mass of 250 tons. The visiting US shuttles used a modified docking collar originally designed for the Soviet Buran shuttle.

The Mir space station
Enlarge
The Mir space station

Inside, the 100-ton Mir looked like a cramped labyrinth, crowded with hoses, cables and scientific instruments – as well as articles of everyday life, such as photos, children's drawings, books and a guitar. It commonly housed three crewmembers, but it sometimes supported for up to a month as many as six, including the first Afghan astronaut Abdul Ahad Mohmand. Except for two short periods, Mir was continuously occupied until August 1999.

The journey of the 15-year-old Russian space station ended March 23, 2001, as Mir re-entered the Earth's atmosphere near Nadi, Fiji, and fell into the South Pacific Ocean. Near the end of its life, there were plans for private interests to purchase Mir, possibly for use as the first orbital television/movie studio, but the station was deemed too unstable to be safely used any further. Many in the space community still felt that at least some of Mir was salvagable and that considering the extremely high costs of getting material into orbit, simply disposing of Mir was a seriously wasted opportunity.

In addition to Soviet/Russian cosmonauts, Mir hosted international scientists and U.S. astronauts.


Mir Modules

The Mir space station was constructed by connecting several Mir modules, each placed into orbit separately. The Mir Core Module (launched in 1986) provided living quarters and station control. Kvant I (1987) and Kvant II (1989) contained scientific instruments and the crew's shower. Kristall (1990) extended Mir's scientific capabilities. Spektr (1995) served as the living and working space for American astronauts. Priroda (1996) conducted Earth remote sensing. The Docking Module (1996) provided a safe and stable port for the space shuttle.

Before, during and after the Shuttle-Mir Program, Mir was tended and resupplied by manned Soyuz capsules and unmanned Progress vehicles.

Names

Mir and the Moon, two satellites of the Earth
Enlarge
Mir and the Moon, two satellites of the Earth

In Russian, Mir means "peace," and connotes "community." Kvant means "quantum," a name derived from its purpose to provide research in astrophysics by measuring electromagnetic spectra and x-ray emissions. Kristall means "crystal," and a main purpose of this module is to develop biological and materials production technologies in the space environment. Spektr means "spectrum," so named for its atmospheric sensors. Priroda means "nature." Progress means the same as it does in English. Soyuz means "union," so named for the USSR (Sovietskii Soyuz = Soviet Union) and because the spacecraft was a union of three smaller modules.

International cooperation

This image was recorded by astronauts as the Space Shuttle Atlantis approached the Russian space station prior to docking during the STS-76 mission. Sporting spindly appendages and solar panels, Mir is orbiting about 350 kilometers above New Zealand's South Island and the city of Nelson near Cook Strait.
Enlarge
This image was recorded by astronauts as the Space Shuttle Atlantis approached the Russian space station prior to docking during the STS-76 mission. Sporting spindly appendages and solar panels, Mir is orbiting about 350 kilometers above New Zealand's South Island and the city of Nelson near Cook Strait.

In June 1992, U.S. president George H. W. Bush and Russian president Boris Yeltsin agreed to join hands in space exploration: one U.S. astronaut would board Mir, two Russian cosmonauts would board a space shuttle. September 1993 U.S. Vice-president Al Gore and Russian prime minister Viktor Chernomyrdin announced plans for a new space station, which would later be called the International Space Station, or ISS. They also agreed that, in preparation for this new project, the U.S. would be largely involved in the Mir project in the years ahead, under the code name Phase One (the ISS being Phase Two). Space shuttles would take part in the transportation of supplies and people to and from the Mir. U.S. astronauts would live in the Mir for many months on end. Thus the U.S. could share and learn from the unique experience that Russia has with long duration space trips.

Starting March 1995 seven U.S. astronauts consecutively spent 28 months on the Mir. During their stay the space station went through rough times and several acute emergencies occurred, notably a large fire on February 23 1997, and a collision with a Progress (unmanned) cargo ship on June 25 of the same year. In both occasions complete evacuation of the Mir (there was a Soyuz escape craft for return to earth) was avoided with a narrow margin. The second disaster left a hole in the Spektr module, which then was sealed off from the rest of the station. Several space walks were needed to restore full power to the Mir (ironically, one of the 'space walks' was inside the Spektr module from which all the air had escaped).

The cooperation between the U.S. and Russia proved far from easy. Distrust, lack of coordination, language problems, different views of each others' responsibilities and divergent interests caused many problems. After the disasters, the U.S. Congress and NASA considered whether the U.S. should abandon the program out of concern for astronauts' safety. NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin decided to continue the program. In June 1998, the final U.S. Mir astronaut Andy Thomas left the station aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery.

The story of Phase One is described in great detail by Bryan Burrough in his book Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir (1998).


Mir Expeditions

Expedition Crew Launch
Date		 Flight Up Landing
Date		 Flight Down Duration
- Days -
Mir EO-1 Leonid Kizim,
Vladimir Soloviyov 		March 13, 1986
12:33:09 UTC 		Soyuz T-15 July 16, 1986
12:34:05 UTC 		Soyuz T-15 125.00
75 on Mir
Mir LD-1 Yuri Romanenko February 5, 1987
21:38:16 UTC 		Soyuz TM-2 December 29, 1987
09:16:15 UTC 		Soyuz TM-3 326.48
Mir EO-2 Aleksandr Laveykin February 5, 1987
21:38:16 UTC 		Soyuz TM-2 July 30, 1987
01:04:12 UTC 		Soyuz TM-2 174.14
Mir EP-1 Alexander Viktorenko,
Muhammed Faris - Syria 		July 22, 1987
01:59:17 UTC 		Soyuz TM-3 July 30, 1987
01:04:12 UTC 		Soyuz TM-2 7.96
Soyuz TM-3 Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov July 22, 1987
01:59:17 UTC 		Soyuz TM-3 December 29, 1987
09:16:15 UTC 		Soyuz TM-3 160.30
Mir LII-1 Anatoli Levchenko December 21, 1987
11:18:03 UTC 		Soyuz TM-4 December 29, 1987
09:16:15 UTC 		Soyuz TM-3 7.92
Mir EO-3 Vladimir Titov ,
Musa Manarov 		December 21, 1987
11:18:03 UTC 		Soyuz TM-4 December 21, 1988
09:57:00 UTC 		Soyuz TM-6 365.24
Mir EP-2 Anatoly Solovyev,
Viktor Savinykh,

Aleksandr P. Aleksandrov - Bulgaria

 June 7, 1988
14:03:13 UTC 		Soyuz TM-5 June 17, 1988
10:12:32 UTC 		Soyuz TM-4 9.84
Mir EP-3 Vladimir Lyakhov ,
Abdul Ahad Mohmand - Afghanistan 		August 29, 1988
04:23:11 UTC 		Soyuz TM-6 September 7, 1988
00:49:38 UTC 		Soyuz TM-5 8.85
Mir LD-2 Valeri Polyakov August 29, 1988
04:23:11 UTC 		Soyuz TM-6 April 27, 1989
02:57:58 UTC 		Soyuz TM-7 240.94
Mir EO-4 Alexander A. Volkov,
Sergei Krikalev 		November 26, 1988
15:49:34 UTC 		Soyuz TM-7 April 27, 1989
02:57:58 UTC 		Soyuz TM-7 151.47
Mir Aragatz Jean-Loup Chretien - France November 26, 1988
15:49:34 UTC 		Soyuz TM-7 December 21, 1988
09:57:00 UTC 		Soyuz TM-6 24.76
Mir EO-5 Alexander Viktorenko,
Aleksandr Serebrov 		September 5, 1989
21:38:03 UTC 		Soyuz TM-8 February 19, 1990
04:36:18 UTC 		Soyuz TM-8 166.29
Mir EO-6 Anatoly Solovyev,
Aleksandr Balandin 		February 11, 1990
06:16:00 UTC 		Soyuz TM-9 August 9, 1990
07:33:57 UTC 		Soyuz TM-9 179.05
Mir EO-7 Gennadi Manakov,
Gennady Strekalov 		August 1, 1990
09:32:21 UTC 		Soyuz TM-10 December 10, 1990
06:08:12 UTC 		Soyuz TM-10 130.86
Mir EO-8 Viktor Afanasyev,
Musa Manarov 		December 2, 1990
08:13:32 UTC 		Soyuz TM-11 May 26, 1991
10:04:13 UTC 		Soyuz TM-11 175.08
Mir
Kosmoreporter		 Toyohiro Akiyama - Japan December 2, 1990
08:13:32 UTC 		Soyuz TM-11 December 10, 1990
06:08:12 UTC 		Soyuz TM-10 7.91
Mir LD-3 Sergei Krikalev May 18, 1991
12:50:28 UTC 		Soyuz TM-12 March 25, 1992
08:51:22 UTC 		Soyuz TM-13 311.83
Mir Juno Helen Sharman - United Kingdom May 18, 1991
12:50:28 UTC 		Soyuz TM-12 May 26, 1991
10:04:13 UTC 		Soyuz TM-11 7.88
Mir EO-9 Anatoly Artsebarsky May 18, 1991
12:50:28 UTC 		Soyuz TM-12 October 10, 1991
04:12:18 UTC 		Soyuz TM-12 144.64
Mir EO-10 Alexander A. Volkov October 2, 1991
05:59:38 UTC 		Soyuz TM-13 March 25, 1992
08:51:22 UTC 		Soyuz TM-13 175.12
Mir Austromir Toktar Aubakirov - Kazakhstan
Franz Viehböck - Austria 		October 2, 1991
05:59:38 UTC 		Soyuz TM-13 October 10, 1991
04:12:18 UTC 		Soyuz TM-12 7.93
Mir EO-11 Alexander Viktorenko,
Alexander Kaleri 		March 17, 1992
10:54:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-14 August 10, 1992
01:05:02 UTC 		Soyuz TM-14 145.59
Mir 92 Klaus-Dietrich Flade - Germany March 17, 1992
10:54:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-14 March 25, 1992
08:51:22 UTC 		Soyuz TM-13 7.91
Mir Antares Michel Tognini - France July 27, 1992
06:08:42 UTC 		Soyuz TM-15 August 10, 1992
01:05:02 UTC 		Soyuz TM-14 13.79
Mir EO-12 Anatoly Solovyev,
Sergei Avdeyev 		July 27, 1992
06:08:42 UTC 		Soyuz TM-15 February 1, 1993
03:49:57 UTC 		Soyuz TM-15 188.90
Mir EO-13 Gennadi Manakov,
Alexander Poleshchuk 		January 24, 1993
05:58:05 UTC 		Soyuz TM-16 July 22, 1993
06:41:50 UTC 		Soyuz TM-16 179.03
Mir EO-14 Vasili Tsibliyev,
Aleksandr Serebrov 		July 1, 1993
14:32:58 UTC 		Soyuz TM-17 January 14, 1994
08:18:20 UTC 		Soyuz TM-17 196.74
Mir Altair Jean-Pierre Haignere - France July 1, 1993
14:32:58 UTC 		Soyuz TM-17 July 22, 1993
06:41:50 UTC 		Soyuz TM-16 20.67
Mir LD-4 Valeri Polyakov January 8, 1994
10:05:34 UTC 		Soyuz TM-18 March 22, 1995
04:04:05 UTC 		Soyuz TM-20 437.75
Mir EO-15 Viktor Afanasyev,
Yury Usachev 		January 8, 1994
10:05:34 UTC 		Soyuz TM-18 July 9, 1994
10:32:35 UTC 		Soyuz TM-18 182.02
Mir EO-16 Yuri Malenchenko,
Talgat Musabayev 		July 1, 1994
12:24:50 UTC 		Soyuz TM-19 November 4, 1994
11:18:26 UTC 		Soyuz TM-19 125.95
Mir Euromir 94 Ulf Merbold - Germany October 3, 1994
22:42:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-20 November 4, 1994
11:18:26 UTC 		Soyuz TM-19 31.52
Mir EO-17 Alexander Viktorenko,
Elena Kondakova 		October 3, 1994
22:42:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-20 March 22, 1995
04:04:05 UTC 		Soyuz TM-20 169.22
Mir EO-18 Vladimir Dezhurov,
Gennady Strekalov,
Norman Thagard - U.S.A. 		March 14, 1995
06:11:34 UTC 		Soyuz TM-21 July 7, 1995
14:55:28 UTC 		STS-71 115.36
Mir EO-19 Anatoly Solovyev,
Nikolai Budarin 		June 27, 1995
19:32:19 UTC 		STS-71 September 11, 1995
06:52:40 UTC 		Soyuz TM-21 75.47
Mir EO-20 -
Euromir 95		 Yuri Gidzenko,
Sergei Avdeyev,
Thomas Reiter - Germany 		September 3, 1995
09:00:23 UTC 		Soyuz TM-22 February 29, 1996
10:42:08 UTC 		Soyuz TM-22 179.07
Mir EO-21 Yuri Onufrienko,
Yury Usachev 		February 21, 1996
12:34:05 UTC 		Soyuz TM-23 September 2, 1996
07:41:40 UTC 		Soyuz TM-23 193.80
Mir NASA-1 Shannon W. Lucid - U.S.A. March 22, 1996
08:13:04 UTC 		STS-76 September 26, 1996
12:13:20 UTC 		STS-79 188.17
Mir EO-22 Valery Korzun,
Alexandr Kaleri 		August 17, 1996
13:18:03 UTC 		Soyuz TM-24 March 2, 1997
06:44:16 UTC 		Soyuz TM-24 196.73
Mir Cassiopee Claudie Haignere - France August 17, 1996
13:18:03 UTC 		Soyuz TM-24 September 2, 1996
07:41:40 UTC 		Soyuz TM-23 15.77
Mir NASA-2 John E. Blaha - U.S.A. September 16, 1996
08:54:49 UTC 		STS-79 January 22, 1997
14:23:51 UTC 		STS-81 128.23
Mir NASA-3 Jerry M. Linenger - U.S.A. January 12, 1997
09:27:23 UTC 		STS-81 May 24, 1997
13:27:44 UTC 		STS-84 132.17
Mir EO-23 Vasili Tsibliyev,
Aleksandr Lazutkin 		February 10, 1997
14:09:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-25 August 14, 1997
12:17:10 UTC 		Soyuz TM-25 184.92
Mir 97 Reinhold Ewald - Germany February 10, 1997
14:09:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-25 March 2, 1997
06:44:16 UTC 		Soyuz TM-24 19.69
Mir NASA-4 C. Michael Foale - U.S.A. May 15, 1997
09:07:48 UTC 		STS-84 October 6, 1997
21:55:00 UTC 		STS-86 144.57
Mir EO-24 Anatoly Solovyev,
Pavel Vinogradov 		August 5, 1997
15:35:54 UTC 		Soyuz TM-26 February 19, 1998
09:10:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-26 197.73
Mir NASA-5 David A. Wolf - U.S.A. September 26, 1997
02:34:19 UTC 		STS-86 January 31, 1998
22:36:00 UTC 		STS-89 127.83
Mir NASA-6 Andrew S. W. Thomas - U.S.A. January 23, 1998
01:48:15 UTC 		STS-89 June 12, 1998
18:00:17 UTC 		STS-91 140.63
Mir EO-25 Talgat Musabayev,
Nikolai Budarin 		January 29, 1998
16:33:42 UTC 		Soyuz TM-27 August 25, 1998
05:24:44 UTC 		Soyuz TM-27 207.53
Mir Pegase Leopold Eyharts - France January 29, 1998
16:33:42 UTC 		Soyuz TM-27 February 19, 1998
09:10:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-26 20.69
Mir EO-26 Gennady Padalka August 13, 1998
09:43:11 UTC 		Soyuz TM-28 February 28, 1999
02:14:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-28 198.69
Mir EO-26/27 Sergei Avdeyev August 13, 1998
09:43:11 UTC 		Soyuz TM-28 August 28, 1999
00:34:20 UTC 		Soyuz TM-29 379.62
Mir EP-4 Yuri Baturin August 13, 1998
09:43:11 UTC 		Soyuz TM-28 August 25, 1999
05:24:44 UTC 		Soyuz TM-27 11.82
Mir Stefanik Ivan Bella - Slovakia February 20, 1999
04:18:01 UTC 		Soyuz TM-29 February 28, 1999
02:14:30 UTC 		Soyuz TM-28 7.91
Mir EO-27 -
Mir Perseus		 Viktor Afanasyev,
Jean-Pierre Haignere - France 		February 20, 1999
04:18:01 UTC 		Soyuz TM-29 August 28, 1999
00:34:20 UTC 		Soyuz TM-29 188.85
Mir EO-28 Sergei Zalyotin,
Alexandr Kaleri 		April 4, 2000
05:01:29UTC 		Soyuz TM-30 June 16, 2000
00:43:45 UTC 		Soyuz TM-30 72.82


Mir spacewalks

The table lists extra-vehicular activity at the Soviet space station Mir.


Spacecraft Spacewalker Start - UTC End - UTC Duration Comments
Mir PE-2 - EVA 1 Romanenko & Laveikin April 11, 1987,
19:41		 April 11, 1987,
23:21		 3 h, 40 min Inspect Kvant docking
Mir PE-2 - EVA 2 Romanenko & Laveikin June 12, 1987,
16:55		 June 12, 1987,
18:48		 1 h, 53 min Install solar array
Mir PE-2 - EVA 3 Romanenko & Laveikin June 16, 1987,
15:30		 June 16, 1987,
18:45		 3 h, 15 min Install solar array
Mir PE-3 - EVA 1 Titov & Manarov February 26, 1988,
09:00		 February 26, 1988,
13:55		 4 h, 25 min Replace solar array
Mir PE-3 - EVA 2 Titov & Manarov June 30, 1988,
05:33		 June 30, 1988,
10:43		 5 h, 10 min Repair X-ray detector
Mir PE-3 - EVA 3 Titov & Manarov October 20, 1988,
05:59		 October 20, 1988,
10:11		 4 h, 12 min Repair X-ray telescope
Mir PE-4 - EVA 1 Volkov & Chretien December 9, 1988,
09:57		 December 9, 1988,
15:57		 6 h, 00 min First French EVA
Mir PE-5 - EVA 1 Viktorenko & Serebrov January 8, 1990,
20:23		 January 8, 1990,
23:19		 2 h, 56 min Install star trackers
Mir PE-5 - EVA 2 Viktorenko & Serebrov January 11, 1990,
18:01		 January 11, 1990,
20:55		 2 h, 54 min Modify Mir for Kvant 2
Mir PE-5 - EVA 3 Viktorenko & Serebrov January 26, 1990,
12:09		 January 26, 1990,
15:11		 3 h, 02 min Test Orlan-DMA spacesuit
Mir PE-5 - EVA 4 Viktorenko & Serebrov February 1, 1990,
08:15		 February 1, 1990,
13:14		 4 h, 59 min Test SPK EVA device
Mir PE-5 - EVA 5 Viktorenko & Serebrov February 5, 1990,
06:08		 February 5, 1990,
09:53		 3 h, 45 min Test SPK EVA device
Mir PE-6 - EVA 1 Solovyov & Balandin July 17, 1990,
13:06		 July 17, 1990,
20:22		 7 h, 00 min Repair Soyuz TM-9 insulation
Mir PE-6 - EVA 2 Solovyov & Balandin July 26, 1990,
11:15		 July 26, 1990,
14:46		 3 h, 31 min Inspect Kvant 2 hatch
Mir PE-7 - EVA 1 Manakov & Strekalov October 29, 1990,
21:45		 October 30, 1990,
00:30		 2 h, 45 min Repair Kvant 2 hatch
Mir PE-8 - EVA 1 Afanaseyev & Manarov January 7, 1991,
17:03		 January 7, 1991,
22:21		 5 h, 18 min Repair Kvant 2 hatch
Mir PE-8 - EVA 2 Afanaseyev & Manarov January 23, 1991,
10:59		 January 23, 1991,
16:32		 5 h, 33 min Install Stela boom
Mir PE-8 - EVA 3 Afanaseyev & Manarov January 26, 1991,
09:00		 January 26, 1991,
15:20		 6 h, 20 min Install solar array supports
Mir PE-8 - EVA 4 Afanaseyev & Manarov April 25, 1991,
20:29		 April 26, 1991,
00:03		 3 h, 34 min Inspect Kurs antenna
Mir PE-9 - EVA 1 Artsebarski & Krikalev June 24, 1991,
21:11		 June 25, 1991,
02:09		 4 h, 58 min Replace Kurs antenna
Mir PE-9 - EVA 2 Artsebarski & Krikalev June 28, 1991,
19:02		 June 28, 1991,
22:26		 3 h, 24 min Attach TREK experiment
Mir PE-9 - EVA 3 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 15, 1991,
11:45		 July 15, 1991,
17:41		 5 h, 56 min Prepare for Sofora girder
Mir PE-9 - EVA 4 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 19, 1991,
11:10		 July 19, 1991,
16:38		 5 h, 28 min Assemble Sofora girder
Mir PE-9 - EVA 5 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 23, 1991,
09:15		 July 23, 1991,
14:57		 5 h, 42 min Assemble Sofora girder
Mir PE-9 - EVA 6 Artsebarski & Krikalev July 27, 1991,
08:44		 July 27, 1991,
15:33		 6 h, 49 min Complete Sofora girder
Mir PE-10 - EVA 1 Volkov & Krikalev February 20, 1992,
20:09		 February 21, 1992,
00:21		 4 h, 12 min Maintain Mir
Mir PE-11 - EVA 1 Viktorenko & Kaleri July 8, 1992,
12:38		 July 8, 1992,
14:41		 2 h, 03 min Inspect Kvant 2 gyrodynes
Mir PE-12 - EVA 1 Avdeyev & Solovyov September 3, 1992,
13:32		 September 3, 1992,
17:28		 3 h, 56 min Prepare to install VDU
Mir PE-12 - EVA 2 Avdeyev & Solovyov September 7, 1992,
11:47		 September 7, 1992,
16:55		 5 h, 08 min Install VDU on Sofora truss
Mir PE-12 - EVA 3 Avdeyev & Solovyov September 11, 1992,
10:06		 September 11, 1992,
15:50		 5 h, 44 min Install VDU on Sofora truss
Mir PE-12 - EVA 4 Avdeyev & Solovyov September 15, 1992,
07:49		 September 15, 1992,
11:22		 3 h, 33 min Move Kurs unit on Kristall
Mir PE-13 - EVA 1 Manakov & Poleshchuk April 19, 1993,
17:15		 April 19, 1993,
22:40		 5 h, 25 min Install solar arrays
Mir PE-13 - EVA 2 Manakov & Poleshchuk June 18, 1993,
17:25		 June 18, 1993,
21:58		 4 h, 33 min Install solar arrays
Mir PE-14 - EVA 1 Tsibliyev & Serebrov September 16, 1993,
05:57		 September 16, 1993,
10:16		 4 h, 18 min Prepare Rapana truss assembly
Mir PE-14 - EVA 2 Tsibliyev & Serebrov September 20, 1993,
03:51:50		 September 20, 1993,
07:05:40		 3 h, 13 min Assemble Rapana truss
Mir PE-14 - EVA 3 Tsibliyev & Serebrov September 28, 1993,
00:57		 September 28, 1993,
02:48		 1 h, 52 min Inspect Mir exterior
Mir PE-14 - EVA 4 Tsibliyev & Serebrov October 22, 1993,
15:47		 October 22, 1993,
16:25		 0 h, 38 min Inspect Mir exterior
Mir PE-14 - EVA 5 Tsibliyev & Serebrov October 29, 1993,
13:38		 October 29, 1993,
17:50		 4 h, 12 min Inspect Mir exterior
Mir PE-16 - EVA 1 Malenchenko & Musabayev September 9, 1994,
07:00		 September 9, 1994,
12:06		 5 h, 04 min Repair Soyuz thermal blanket
Mir PE-16 - EVA 2 Malenchenko & Musabayev September 13, 1994,
06:30		 September 13, 1994,
12:32		 6 h, 01 min Mir maintenance
Mir PE-18 - EVA 1 Dezhurov & Strekalov May 12, 1995,
04:20:44		 May 12, 1995,
10:35:16		 6 h, 14 min, 32 s Move Solar Arrays to Kvant
Mir PE-18 - EVA 2 Dezhurov & Strekalov May 17, 1995,
02:38		 May 17, 1995,
09:20		 6 h, 52 min Install solar array on Kvant
Mir PE-18 - EVA 3 Dezhurov & Strekalov May 22, 1995,
00:10:20		 May 22, 1995,
05:25:11		 5 h, 14 min, 51 s Install solar array on Kvant
Mir PE-18 - EVA 4 Dezhurov & Strekalov May 28, 1995,
22:22		 May 28, 1995,
22:43		 0 h, 21 min Prepare Mir to move Kristall
Mir PE-18 - EVA 5 Dezhurov & Strekalov June 1, 1995,
22:05:30		 June 1, 1995,
22:28:20		 0 h, 23 min, 50 s Prepare Mir to move Spektr
Mir PE-19 - EVA 1 Solovyov & Budarin July 14, 1995,
03:56		 July 14, 1995,
09:30		 5 h, 34 min Deploy Spektr solar array
Mir PE-19 - EVA 2 Solovyov & Budarin July 19, 1995,
00:39		 July 19, 1995,
03:47		 3 h, 08 min Install MIRAS spectrometer
Mir PE-19 - EVA 3 Solovyov & Budarin July 21, 1995,
00:28		 July 21, 1995,
06:18		 5 h, 35 min Install MIRAS spectrometer
Mir PE-20 - EVA 1 Avdeyev & Reiter October 20, 1995,
11:50		 October 20, 1995,
17:06		 5 h, 16 min First ESA EVA
Mir PE-20 - EVA 2 Avdeyev & Gidzenko December 8, 1995,
19:23		 December 8, 1995,
19:52		 0 h, 37 min Transfer docking cone
Mir PE-20 - EVA 3 Reiter & Gidzenko February 8, 1996,
14:03		 February 8, 1996,
17:08		 3 h, 06 min Repair Kvant 2 antenna
Mir PE-21 - EVA 1 Onufrienko & Usachev March 15, 1996,
01:04		 March 15, 1996,
06:55		 5 h, 51 min Install 2nd Strela boom
Mir PE-21 - EVA 2 Onufrienko & Usachev May 20, 1996,
22:50		 May 21, 1996,
04:10		 5 h, 20 min Transfer MCSA to Kvant
Mir PE-21 - EVA 3 Onufrienko & Usachev May 24, 1996,
20:47		 May 25, 1996,
02:30		 5 h, 34 min Install MCSA on Kvant
Mir PE-21 - EVA 4 Onufrienko & Usachev May 30, 1996,
18:20		 May 30, 1996,
22:40		 4 h, 20 min Install MOMS to Priroda
Mir PE-21 - EVA 5 Onufrienko & Usachev June 6, 1996,
16:56		 June 6, 1996,
20:30		 3 h, 34 min Install micrometeoroid detectors
Mir PE-21 - EVA 6 Onufrienko & Usachev June 13, 1996,
12:45		 June 13, 1996,
18:27		 5 h, 42 min Install Ferma-3 on Kvant
Mir PE-22 - EVA 1 Korzun & Kaleri December 2, 1996,
15:54		 December 2, 1996,
21:52		 5 h, 57 min Install solar array cables
Mir PE-22 - EVA 2 Korzun & Kaleri December 9, 1996,
13:50		 December 9, 1996,
20:28		 6 h, 36 min Attach Kurs docking antenna
Mir PE-23 - EVA 1 Tsibliyev & Linenger April 29, 1997,
05:10		 April 29, 1997,
10:09		 4 h, 59 min Test Orlan-M spacesuit
Mir PE-24 - EVA 1 Solovyov & Vinogradov August 22, 1997,
11:14		 August 22, 1997,
14:30		 3 h, 16 min Inspect Spektr damage
Mir PE-24 - EVA 2 Solovyov & Foale September 6, 1997,
01:07		 September 6, 1997,
07:07		 6 h, 00 min Inspect Spektr damage
Mir PE-24 - EVA 3 Solovyov & Vinogradov October 20, 1997,
09:40		 October 20, 1997,
16:18		 6 h, 38 min EVA inside Spektr
Mir PE-24 - EVA 4 Solovyov & Vinogradov November 3, 1997,
03:32		 November 3, 1997,
09:36		 6 h, 04 min Dismantle solar panel
Mir PE-24 - EVA 5 Solovyov & Vinogradov November 6, 1997,
00:12		 November 6, 1997,
06:24		 6 h, 12 min Install solar panel
Mir PE-24 - EVA 6 Solovyov & Vinogradov January 8, 1998,
23:08		 January 9, 1998,
02:14		 3 h, 06 min Repair leaking EVA hatch
Mir PE-24 - EVA 7 Solovyov & Wolf January 14, 1998,
21:12		 January 14, 1998,
01:04		 3 h, 52 min Inspect ouside of Mir
Mir PE-25 - EVA 1 Musabayev & Budarin April 1, 1998,
13:35		 April 1, 1998,
20:15		 6 h, 40 min Repair solar panel
Mir PE-25 - EVA 2 Musabayev & Budarin April 6, 1998,
13:35		 April 6, 1998,
17:50		 4 h, 15 min Repair solar panel
Mir PE-25 - EVA 3 Musabayev & Budarin April 11, 1998,
09:55		 April 11, 1998,
16:20		 6 h, 25 min Remove Mir thruster engine
Mir PE-25 - EVA 4 Musabayev & Budarin April 17, 1998,
07:40		 April 17, 1998,
14:13		 6 h, 33 min Repair Mir thruster engine
Mir PE-25 - EVA 5 Musabayev & Budarin April 22, 1998,
05:34		 April 22, 1998,
11:55		 6 h, 21 min Replace Mir thruster engine
Mir PE-26 - EVA 1 Padalka & Avdeyev September 15, 1998,
20:00		 September 15, 1998,
20:30		 0 h, 30 min Repair solar array motor inside Spektr
Mir PE-26 - EVA 2 Padalka & Avdeyev November 10, 1998,
19:23		 November 11, 1998,
01:18		 5 h, 54 min Deploy satellite, mount experiments
Mir PE-27 - EVA 1 Afanasyev & Haignere April 16, 1999,
04:37		 April 16, 1999,
10:56		 6 h, 19 min Install experiments outside Mir
Mir PE-27 - EVA 2 Afanasyev & Avdeyev July 23, 1999,
11:06		 July 23, 1999,
17:13		 6 h, 07 min Install communications antenna
Mir PE-27 - EVA 3 Afanasyev & Avdeyev July 28, 1999,
09:37		 July 28, 1999,
14:59		 5 h, 22 min Deploy communications antenna
Mir PE-28 - EVA 1 Zalyotin & Kaleri May 12, 2000,
10:44		 May 12, 2000,
15:47		 5 h, 03 min Inspect Mir space station





See also: List of spacewalks.

Visiting spacecraft and crews

(Launched crews. Spacecraft launch and landing dates listed.)

See also

External link

  • http://www.russianspaceweb.com/mir.html Site contains detailed diagrams, pictures and background info.
  • http://www.astronautix.com/craft/mirodule.htm Site describes the Mir-Shuttle Docking Module
  • Mir Hardware Heritage - NASA report (PDF format) http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf
  • Mir Mission Chronicle - NASA report (PDF format) http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/TP-1998-208920.pdf
  • Mir-Shuttle:Phase 1 Program Joint Report (PDF format) http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/references/documents/phase1-join
    t-report.pdf
  • Soviet Space Stations as Analogs - NASA report (PDF format) http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19870012563_1987012563.pdf




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International Space Station




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