Online Encyclopedia
Locative case
| Grammatical cases |
|---|
| List of grammatical cases |
| Abessive case |
| Ablative case |
| Absolutive case |
| Adessive case |
| Allative case |
| Causal case |
| Causal-final case |
| Comitative case |
| Dative case |
| Dedative case |
| Delative case |
| Disjunctive case |
| Distributive case |
| Distributive-temporal case |
| Elative case |
| Essive case |
| Essive-formal case |
| Essive-modal case |
| Excessive case |
| Final case |
| Formal case |
| Genitive case |
| Illative case |
| Inessive case |
| Instructive case |
| Instrumental case |
| Lative case |
| Locative case |
| Modal case |
| Multiplicative case |
| Oblique case |
| Objective case |
| Partitive case |
| Possessive case |
| Postpositional case |
| Prepositional case |
| Prolative case |
| Prosecutive case |
| Separative case |
| Sociative case |
| Sublative case |
| Superessive case |
| Temporal case |
| Terminative case |
| Translative case |
| Vialis case |
| Vocative case |
| Morphosyntactic alignment |
| Absolutive case |
| Accusative case |
| Ergative case |
| Instrumental case |
| Instrumental-comitative case |
| Intransitive case |
| Nominative case |
| Declension |
| Declension in English |
Locative is a case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and separative case.
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The locative case in various languages
The locative case exists in many languages, e.g. the Altaic, Indo-European, and Uralic languages.
Indo-European languages
The locative case (called prepositional case in Russian) is found in:
- in modern Balto-Slavic languages
- some classical Indo-European languages, particularly Sanskrit and Latin
- in uncommon, archaic or literary use in certain modern Indian languages (such as Marathi in which a separate ablative case has however disappeared)
Turkish
The locative case exists in Turkish. For instance, in Turkish, elim means: my hand, and elimde means in my hand, so using de and da suffixes, the locative case is marked.
Finnish
In Finnish, there are two sets of local cases. Instead of the locative, the Finnish language has the inessive, which indicates a location inside of a place, and the adessive, which indicates a location outside of a place. The ancient Uralic locative is still used in some expressions in modern Finnish, e.g.
- ulkona 'outside'
- kotona 'at home'.
In the Finnish grammar, the locative is included in the essive case. Its ending is -na/-nä.
Inari Sami
In Inari Sami, the locative suffix is -st.
- kyeleest 'in the language'
- kieđast 'in the hand'.
Hungarian
In the Hungarian language, nine such cases exist, yet the name locative case refers to a form used only in a few town names instead of or along with the Inessive case or Superessive case. It is no longer productive.