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List of European cities with alternative names

Most cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.

This article also lists cities of Turkey, Cyprus, and all the republics of the former Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.

Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.


Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


A

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Aabenraa Åbenrå (Danish), Apenrade (German)
Aachen Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquae Grani or Aquisgranum (Latin), Aquisgrà (Catalan), Aquisgrán (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian, Portuguese), Cáchy (Czech), Åxhe (Walloon)
Aalst Aalst (Dutch), Alost (French)
Aarhus Århus (Danish)
Abbeville Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French)
Adrianople Adhrianúpolis - Αδριανούπολις (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianópolis (Spanish), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Edirne (Czech, Dutch, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Hadrianople (variant in English), Odrin (Bulgarian)
Aiud Aiud (Romanian), Nagyenyed (Hungarian), Strassburg (German)
Aix-en-Provence Aix-en-Provence (French), Aquae Sextiae (Latin)
Aix-les-Bains Aix-les-Bains (French), Aquae Gratianae (Latin)
Albacete Albacete (Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic)
Alba Iulia Alba Iulia (Romanian), Apulum (Latin), Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian), Karlsburg (German), Weißenburg (old German name)
Alexandroupolis Alexandhrúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek), Alexandropolis (Dutch), Dedeağaç (Turkish)
Algeciras Algeciras (Spanish), al-Jazīra (Arabic)
Algiers Algeri (Italian), Alger (French, Romanian), Algier (German, Polish), Algiers (Dutch), al-Jazā'ir (Arabic), Alžir (Serbian), Alžyras (Lithuanian), Argel (Portuguese, Spanish), Cezayir (Turkish), Icosium (Latin)
Alicante Akra Leuke (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan), Alicante (Spanish), Alikantė (Lithuanian), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin)
Almaty Alma-Ata (Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almata (Lithuanian), Almaty (Kazakh)
Amsterdam Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Dutch, French, Italian, Polish, Swedish), Amsterdamas (Lithuanian), Amsterdão (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (old Dutch names)
Ankara Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English name, Italian [obs.]), Ankara (Polish, Turkish), Ánkira - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic)
Anklam Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish)
Antioch Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Italian, German, Polish, Slovak), Antiochie (Czech), Antiohia (Romanian), Antiokia (Finnish, Swedish), Antioquía (Portuguese, Spanish)
Antwerp Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French), Anversa (Italian), Anviesse (Walloon)
Aquileia Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene)
Archangel Arcángel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian)
Arlon Arlon (French), Aarlen (Dutch), Arel (German)
Arnhem Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian)
Arras Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Swedish), Atrecht (Dutch)
Aschaffenburg Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish)
Ashkhabad Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat / Aşkabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic)
Assisi Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish)
Astana Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Polish), Tselinograd (former Russian)
Athens Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), An Aithin (Irish), Ateena (Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish) Aten - אַטען (Yiddish), Atena (Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athenae (Latin), Athene (Dutch), Athènes (French), Athény (alternative Czech name), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish)
Augsburg Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish), Augsburgo (Spanish), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Oogsborg (Low Saxon)
Avignon Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French), Avignone (Italian), Avinhão (Portuguese), Aviñón (Spanish), Awinion (Polish)


B

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Baia Mare Baia Mare (Romanian), Gross-Schlatten (German), Nagybanya (Hungarian)
Baku Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish)
Bar (Montenegro) Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and medieval state)
Barcelona Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Portuguese, Spanish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελόνη (Greek), Bårçulone (Walloon)
Basel Bâle (French), Basilea (Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasilía - Βασιλεία (Greek)
Bastogne Bostogne (English, French), Bastenaken (German)
Bath Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baðum / Baðan / Baðon (Anglo-Saxon), Caerfaddon (Welsh)
Bautzen Budyšin (Upper Sorbian), Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budyšyn (Lower Sorbian), Budziszyn (Polish)
Będzin Będzin (Polish), Bendin (Russian, Yiddish), Bendzin (German)
Bela Crkva Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech)
Belfast Béal Feirste (Irish), Belfastas (Lithuanian)
Belfort Beffert (German), Befert (old German)
Belgrade Béalgrád (Irish), Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Velighrádhi (Greek), Belgrade (French), Belgråde (Walloon)
Berat Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech)
Berdichev Berdychiv (Ukrainian), Berdichev (Russian), Barditshev (Yiddish)
Bergen (Norway) Bergen (Norwegian), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Björgvin (Icelandic)
Berlin Barlīn (Arabic), Barliń (Lower Sorbian), Beirlín (Irish), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish, Yiddish, French, Walloon), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Verolíno (Greek)
Berne Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek)
Białowieża Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish)
Białystok Białystok (Polish), Belostok (Russian), Byalistok (Yiddish)
Biel/Bienne Belenus (Latin), Biel (German), Bienne (French)
Biella Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin)
Bilbao Bilbao (Spanish), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque),
Bil'shivtsi Bil'shivtsi (Ukrainian), Bol'shovtsy (Russian), Bolszowce (Polish), Bolshvets (Yiddish)
Bishkek Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name)
Bischofswerda Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish)
Bistriţa Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistriţa (Romanian), Bistritz (German)
Bologna Bologna (Italian, Romanian), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Turkish)
Bouillon Bouillon (French), Bouyon (Walloon)
Bolzano Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (German)
Bordeaux Bordeaux (French), Bordèu (Gascon), Bordéus (Portuguese), Bordo (Lithuanian), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Burdigala (Latin)
Bonn Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vóni - Βόννη (Greek)
Braniewo Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian)
Braşov Braşov (Romanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Corona (Latin), Kronstadt (German), Stephanópolis (Greek)
Bratislava Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian), Bratislava (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (variant in German), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919)
[Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg/Prešporok/Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava]
Břeclav Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German)
Bremen Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi (Greek)
Bremerhaven Bremerhaven (German), Brémský Přístav (Czech)
Brest (Belarus) Brasta (Lithuanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English and Russian name), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian name); Brisk (Yiddish)
Bristol Briostó (Irish), Caerodor (Welsh)
Brno Brno (Czech), Brünn (German, Hungarian)
Brody Brody (Russian, Ukrainian), Brod (Yiddish)
Bruges Briž (Macedonian, Serbian), Bruges (French, Portuguese), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Brujas (Spanish), Brygge (Finnish)
Bruntál Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German)
Brunswick Braunschweig (German, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish)
Brussels An Bhruiséil (Irish), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Macedonian, Serbian), Brisele (Latvian), Brisl (Yiddish), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Bruselles (Catalan), Brussel (Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (German), Brusselle (Italian [obs.]), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vrixéles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek), Brussele (Walloon)
Brzesko Brzesko (Polish), Brigl (Yiddish)
Buchach Buchach (Ukrainian), Buczacz (Polish), Betshotsh (Yiddish)
Bucharest Boekarest (Dutch), Búcairist (Irish), Bucarest (French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti (Greek)
Buda (now part of Budapest) Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German)
Budapest Boedapest (Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Búdaipeist (Irish), Budapest (Italian, German, Hungarian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Voudhapésti (Greek)
Budweis Budweis (German), Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak)
Buje Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian)
Butrint Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian)
Buzet Buzet (Croatian), Pinguente (Italian)
Bydgoszcz Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish)
Bytom Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish)
Bytow Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish)


C

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Cádiz Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Gades (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic)
Cagliari Cagliari (Italian), Càller (Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian)
Cairo Le Caire (French), Caireo (Irish), Caïro (Dutch), Cairo (Portuguese), El Cairo (Spanish), Il Cairo (Italian), Káhira (Czech), Kair (Polish), Kairas (Lithuanian), Kairo (Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Slovene, Swedish), Kairó (Hungarian), Qahir - קהיר (Hebrew), al-Qāhirah (Arabic), Maşr (local dialect name)
Cambridge (England) Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrígia (Portuguese), Kembridžas (Lithuanian), Kembriĝp (Esperanto)
Canterbury Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kantelberg (Dutch)
Carcassonne Carcassona (Italian), Carcassonne (French)
Cardiff Caerdydd (Welsh), Kārdifa (Latvian)
Carlsbad Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish)
Cartagena Cartagena (Spanish), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagène (French), Carthago Nova (Latin), al-Qartājanna (Arabic)
Celje Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene), Celle (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic)
Cetinje Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian)
Charleroi Charleroi (French, Dutch), Châlerwè / Tchålerwè (Walloon)
Cheb Cheb (Czech), Eger (German)
Chełmno Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German)
Chemnitz Chemnitz (German), Kamienica Saska (Polish), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990)
Chernyakhovsk Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruc (Polish)
Chester Caer (Welsh)
Chişinău Chişinău (Moldovan/Romanian), Chisinau (Portuguese), Keshenev (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian)
Chorzów Chorzów (Polish), Králova Huť (Czech)
Cieszyn Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak)
Cleves Cléveris (Spanish), Clèves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German)
Cluj Claudiopolis (Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian)
Coblenz Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German, Slovene)
Coburg Cobourg (French), Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)
Coimbra Coimbra (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic)
Cologne Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Keln (Serbian, Yiddish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect]), Köln (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía (Greek), Kolonia (Polish)
Constanţa Constanţa (Romanian), Küstendji (old Turkish name)
Copenhagen Cóbanhávan (Irish), Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), København (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkhági (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian)
Córdoba Córdoba (Spanish), Cordoue (French), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Slovene), Qurtubah (Arabic)
Corfu Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corfù (Italian), Corfú (Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak), Krf (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene)
Corinth Corint (Catalan), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (German), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish)
Cork Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish)
Corunna La Corogne (French), A Coruña (Galician), La Coruña (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese)
Cottbus Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech)
Cracow Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kroke (Yiddish), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian)
Crécy Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech)


D

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Daugavpils Daugavpils (Latvian), Denenburg (Yiddish), Dünaburg (German), Dvinsk (Russian)
Debrecen Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecín (Czech), Debreţin (Romanian)
Den Bosch Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (Italian [obs.]), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Herzogenbusch (German)
Dijon Digione (Italian), Dijon (French), Diviodunum (Latin)
Dillingen Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German)
Donetsk Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name)
Dover Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian)
Drachhausen Drachhausen (German), Hochoza (Lower Sorbian)
Dresden Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezno (Polish), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian)
Drohobycz Drobitsh (Yiddish), Drogobych (Russian), Drohobych (Ukrainian), Drohobycz (German, Polish)
Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (Croatian, Serbian), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian), Raguse (old French)
Dublin Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dubh Linn (archaic Irish variant), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic)
Dunkirk Dhunkérki - Δουγκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French), Dunkierka (Polish), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)
Durrës Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrës / Durrësi (Albanian)
Düsseldorf Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf (Macedonian), Düsseldorf (German), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch), Duesseldorf (Walloon)
Dushanbe Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Dušanbė (Lithuanian), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Dusjanbe (Swedish), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name)


E

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Edinburgh Caeredin (Welsh), Dún Éideann (Irish), Dùn Èideann (Scots Gaelic), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Edinburg (German [rare]), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish)
Eger Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (Polish)
Eisenhüttenstadt Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German name)
Elbląg Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing or Truso (Old Prussian)
Ełk Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German)
Elsinore Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish)
Emmerich Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch)
Erlangen Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech)
Esztergom Esztergom (Hungarian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish), Estergon (Turkish)
Eupen Eupen (German, French, Dutch), Néau, Neyow, Naowe, Naouwe (Walloon)


F

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Flensburg Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German)
Florence Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firenze (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Flórans (Irish), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florència (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German),Florence (French), Florance (Walloon)
Flushing Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch)
Fort Augustus Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic)
Frankfurt Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfúrti - Φραγκφούρτη (Greek), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian)
Frankfurt (East Germany) Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Oder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian)
Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Fribourg-en-Brisgau (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian)
Freising Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French)
Fribourg Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese)
Frombork Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish)


G

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Gallipoli Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Italian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek)
Galway Gaillimh (Irish)
Gdańsk Dants (Yiddish), Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gduńsk (Kashubian)
Gdynia Gdingen (German), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gdynia (Polish), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945)
Geneva Cenevre (Turkish), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneve / Genève (Dutch), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (German, Hungarian), An Ghinéiv (Irish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενέβη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Djeneve (Walloon)
Genoa Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Gênes (French), Gènova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Génova / Gênova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Zena (Genoese)
Ghent Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Guanto (old Italian)
Gibraltar Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Gibraltar (Spanish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian)
Girona Gerona (Spanish), Girona (Catalan)
Gjirokastër Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastron (Greek), Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian), Ergiri (Turkish)
Glarus Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German)
Glasgow Glaschú (Irish), Glaschù (Scots Gaelic)
Gliwice Gleiwitz (German), Gliwice (Polish)
Gmünd Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German)
Gorizia Gorica (Slovene), Gorizia (Italian), Görz (German)
Görlitz Görlitz (German), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech)
Gothenburg Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Goeteborg (Polish), Göteborg (Finnish, German, Swedish), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Dutch, German [obs.])
Göttingen Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian)
Gramzow Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish)
Granada al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Italian, Spanish, Lithuanian), Grenade (French)
Graz Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech)
Greifswald Greifswald (German), Gryfia (Polish)
Grodno Gardinas (Lithuanian), Grodno (Polish, Russian), Grodne (Yiddish), Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian)
Groningen Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Dutch, German), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames)
Grozny Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian)
Grudziądz Graudenz (German), Grudziądz (Polish)
Günzburg Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish)
Gusev Gabin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian)
Győr Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech)


H

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Haderslev Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish)
Hamburg Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hambourg (French), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish)
Hämeenlinna Hämeenlinna (Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish)
Hamelin Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German)
Hanau Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech)
Hanover Anóvero - Ανόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish), Hanôve (Walloon)
Hasselt Hasselt (Dutch, French), Hasse / Hasque / Hassèl (Walloon),
Heligoland Helgoland (German)
Helsinki Elsínki (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, Italian, Polish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Helsset (North Sami), Hilsīnkī (Arabic)
Heraklion Candia (Italian), Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Kandiye (Turkish)
Hertogenbosh 's Hertogenbosh (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French)
Homyel' Gomel' (Russian), Homl (Yiddish), Homyel' (Belarusian)
Hoyerswerda Hoyerswerda (German), Wojerecy (Sorbian)
Huy Huy (French), Hoei (Dutch), Hu (Walloon)


I

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Iaşi Iaşi (Romanian), Jassy (German, also older English), Iassy (old French name), Yaş (Turkish),
Innsbruck Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomostí / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbrukas (Lithuanian)
Ioannina Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian), Yánena - Γιάννενα / Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish)
Istanbul Constantinoble (Catalan), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese, Serbian), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (Romanian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Konstantinúpoli (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stamboul (French), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian)
Former names: Bizánc / Konstantinápoly (Hungarian), Bizanc / Carigrad / Konstantinopel (Slovene), Bizâncio / Constantinopla (Portuguese), Bizancjum / Carogród / Konstantynopol (Polish), Bizant / Carigrad / Konstantinopol (Croatian, Serbian), Bizanţ / Constantinopol(e) / Stambul / Ţarigrad (Romanian), Bisanzio / Costantinopoli (Italian), Bysants / Konstantinopel (Norwegian), Byzantion (Greek), Byzantium / Constantinople (English), Byzantium / Constantinopolis (Latin), Carigrad (Croatian, Serbian), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Carihrad / Konštantínopol (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch), Konstantinopel (German), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Miklagard (Old Norse), Qushta - קושטא (Hebrew), Tsarigrad (Russian); Estambul, Konstantinopyla, Koshta, Koshtandina, Kospoli, Kostan (other variants during Ottoman period)
Izmir Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Turkish), Smirna (Serbian, old Romanian name), Smirne (Italian), Smirni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English)


J

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Jakobstad Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Finnish)
Jarosław Jaroslau (German), Jarosław (Polish), Yareslev (Yiddish), Yaroslav (Russian)
Jena Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German)
Jihlava Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech)


K

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Kaliningrad Kaliningrad - Кaлинингpaд (Russian), Kaliningrado (Spanish), Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Kaljinjingrad (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Kenigsberg קעניגסבערג (Yiddish), Keunigsbarg (Low Saxon), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (former Polish name)
Kamenz Kamenz (German), Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian)
Kamyaniets Podilskiy Kamenets קאַמענעץ (Yiddish), Kamenets-Podol'skiy (Russian), Kamieniec (Polish), Kam"yanets'-Podil's'kyy - Кaм'янeць-Пoдiльcький (Ukrainian)
Kandalaksha Kandalaksha - Кaндaлaкшa (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish)
Kartuzy Karthaus (German), Kartuzy (Polish)
Katowice Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956)
Kaunas Kauen (German), Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kovne קאָװנע (Yiddish), Kovno (Czech), Kovno - Кoвнo (Russian), Kowno (Polish)
Kem' Kem' - Кeмь (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish)
Kętrzyn Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German)
Kharkov Char'kiv - Xapькiв (Ukrainian), Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian), Har'kov - Xapькoв (Russian), Harkova (Finnish), Karkov (Turkish)
Kiel Kiel (German), Kilonia (Polish), Kylis (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese)
Kielce Kelts קעלץ (Yiddish), Kel'tsy - Кeльцы (Russian), Kielce (Polish)
Kiev Kænugarður (Icelandic), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) Kiev קיִעװ (Yiddish), Kiev - Киев (Russian), Kíevo (Greek), Kiew (German), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyïv - Київ (Ukrainian), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak); Qiyov - קיוב (Hebrew)
Kilkenny Cill Chainnigh (Irish)
Kiruna Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish)
Klagenfurt Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German), Želanec (alternative Czech name)
Klaipeda Klaipeda (Finnish), Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Memel (German)
Kobarid Caporetto (Italian), Kobarid (Slovene)
Kolkwitz Gołkojce (Lower Sorbian), Kolkwitz (Niederlausitz) (German)
Kolomyya Kilemey קילעמײ (Yiddish), Kolomea (German), Kołomyja (Polish), Kolomyja - Кoлoмия (Ukrainian)
Kondopoga Kondopoga - Кoндoпoгa (Russian), Kontiolahti (Finnish)
Konstanz Constance (French, variant in English), Constância (Portuguese), Costanza (Italian), Konstancja (Polish), Köstence (Turkish), Kostnice (Czech)
Köpenick Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech)
Koper Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene)
Košice Kaschau (German), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Serbian, Slovak), Koszyce (Polish)
Kosovo Polje Amselfeld (German), Champ des merles (French), Fushe Koseve (Albanian), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Rigómező (Hungarian)
Kotor Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian)
Kovel Kovel' - Кoвeль (Russian, Ukrainian), Kovel (Polish), Kovl קאָװל (Yiddish)
Krems Krems (German), Kremže / Křemže (Czech)
Kristianstad Kristianstad (Swedish), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian)
Kristinestad Christinae Stadh (older Swedish name), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristingrad (Serbian)
Krnov Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (older Polish name), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish)
Kudowa Zdrój Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish)
Kwidzyn Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German)


L

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Labin Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian)
Lahti Lahti (Finnish, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish)
Lappeenranta Lappeenranta (Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish)
Lausanne Lausanne (French), Lausana (Spanish), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni (Greek), Lozanna (Polish), Luzana (Slovene)
Leeuwarden Leeuwarden (Dutch), Ljouwert (Frisian)
Leghorn Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Romanian), Livourne (French)
Leicester Caerlyr (Welsh)
Leiden Leida (Italian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English)
Leipzig Lajpcig (Serbian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipzig (French, German, Slovene), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Lower Sorbian, Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak)
Lębork Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish)
Lezhë Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian)
Liege Liège (French), Liegi (Italian), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liež (Serbian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German), Lîdje / Lîdge (Walloon), Leodium (Latin)
Liepāja Libau (German), Libava or Liyepaya (Russian) Libave (Yiddish), Liepāja (Latvian), Lipawa (Polish)
Lier Lier (Dutch), Lierre (French)
Lille Lilla (Catalan, Italian), Lille (French), Rijsel (Dutch)
Limerick Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish)
Linz Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Slovene)
Lisbon Liospóin (Irish), Lisabon (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Lisabona (Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene), Uşbune (old Arabian)
Liverpool Learpholl (Irish), Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh)
Ljubljana Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (French, Slovene), Lubiana (Italian), Lublaň (Czech), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubyana (Turkish)
Lleida Lerida (Italian), Lérida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan)
Löbau Löbau (German), Lubij (Upper Sorbian), Lubiniec (Polish)
London Landan (Arabic), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londen (Dutch), Londhíno (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic)
Londonderry Derio (Esperanto), Derry (official English name in Republic of Ireland; disputed usage in Northern Ireland), Doire (Irish)
Lourdes Lourdes (French, Italian), Lurdy (Czech)
Louvain Leuven (Dutch), Louvain (French), Lováin (Irish), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German), Lovin (Walloon)
Lübben Lübben (German), Lubin (Lower Sorbian)
Lübbenau Lübbenau (German), Lubnjow (Lower Sorbian)
Lübeck Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (French, German), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lyypekki (Finnish)
Lucca Lucca (Italian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish)
Lucerne Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Romansh, Polish, Romanian, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni (Greek), Luzern (German, Finnish, Serbian, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan)
Luleå Luleå (Swedish)Lulėja (Lithuanian), Luleo (Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish)
Lüneburg Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lüneburg (German), Luneburgo (Italian), Lunenburg (variant in English)
Luxembourg Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Afrikaans, French), Luxemburg (Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh)
L'viv Ilyvó (Hungarian), Lavov (Croatian), Lemberg (German), Lemberig, Lemberyk, Lemberek (Yiddish), Léopol (French), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Lióv (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), Lvov (Finnish, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Lvovas (Lithuanian), Lwów (Polish)
Lyon Lião (Portuguese), Lijonas (Lithuanian), Lió (Catalan), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (French, German, Slovene), Lyón (Spanish), Lyons (traditional English name)


M

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Maastricht Maastricht (Dutch, French), Maestricht (former French, Flemisch), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (local Limburger dialect), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon)
Madrid Madhríti (Greek), Madri (Portuguese), Madrid (French, Italian, Spanish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), Mecrit (Arabic)
Mahilyow Mahilyow (Belarusian), Mogilev (Russian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Molev (Yiddish)
Mainz Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainz (German), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect)
Malbork Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German)
Manchester Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Mancunium (Latin)
Monschau Monschau (German), Montjoie (French)
Mantua Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese)
Maribor Marburg (German), Maribor (Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian)
Mariehamn Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish)
Marktredwitz Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech)
Marseilles Marseille (French), Marsel' (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha (Provençal), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massalía (Greek), Marselis (Lithuanian)
Mechelen Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French), Mechelen (Dutch/Flemish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name)
Meissen Meißen (German), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish)
Melk Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (older German name)
Metz Divodurum (Latin), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (French, German, Italian, Romanian)
Międzybórz Mezbizh (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Łódźkie) (Polish)
Miercurea-Ciuc Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German)
Mikkeli Mikkeli (Finnish), St. Michel (Swedish)
Mikulov Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German)
Milan Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana (former Greek name), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Miláno (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian)
Minsk Mensk (Belarusian), Minsk (Russian, Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian), Minskas (Lithuanian)
Miskolc Miskolc (Hungarian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish)
Monaco Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque)
Mons Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French), Mont (Walloon)
Montbéliard Mömpelgard (German), Montbéliard (French)
Moscow Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Moskau (German), Móskha (Greek), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Danish, Russian, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskve (Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Polish), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic)
Mosonmagyaróvár Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German)
Mukacheve Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh (Yiddish), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German)
Mulhouse Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (French), Mylhúzy (Czech)
Munich Minhen (Serbian), Minkhn (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho (Greek), München (Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon)
Münster Münster (German), Meuster (Walloon)
Murmansk Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansk - Мурманск (Russian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (older Finnish names), Muurmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name)


N

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Namur Namur (French), Namen (Dutch), Nameur (Walloon)
Nancy Nancy (French), Nanzig (German)
Naples Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Lithuanian), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (old Romanian name), Neápoli (modern Greek), Neápolis (ancient Greek)
Narbonne Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Italian, Spanish), Narbonne (French)
Neuchâtel Neuchâtel (French), Neuenburg (German)
Newport (Monmouthshire) Casnewydd (Welsh)
Newport (Pembrokeshire) Trefdraeth (Welsh)
Nice Niça (Catalan), Nicea (Polish), Níkea (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian), Nica (Lithuanian)
Nicosia Lefkoşe (Turkish), Lefkosía (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Spanish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikozija (Lithuanian)
Nijmegen Nijmegen (Dutch), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German), Nîmegue (Walloon)
Nizhny Novgorod Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian)
Novi Sad Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Újvidék (Hungarian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian)
Nowy Sącz Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz (Yiddish)
Nuremberg Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (Finnish, German, Hungarian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian)


O

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Óbuda (now part of Budapest) Altofen (German), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech)
Odessa Ades (Yiddish), Hacıbey (Turkish), Odesa (Ukrainian), Odessa (Russian)
Oldenburg Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian)
Olomouc Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish)
Olsztyn Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish), Olštinas (Lithuanian)
Opava Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German)
Opole Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German)
Oporto Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Portas (Lithuanian)
Oradea Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish)
Oranienburg Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German name), Oranienburg (German)
Oslo Asloa (Latin), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), Oslas (Lithuanian), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name)
Osnabrück Osnabrück (German), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese)
Ostend Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostendė (Lithuanian)
Oświęcim Auschwitz (German), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Oświęcim (Polish)
Oulu Oulu (Finnish), Uleåborg (Swedish)
Oxford Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oksfordas (Lithuanian)


P

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Padua Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak), Pádua (Portuguese), Padwa (Polish)
Palermo Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian, Finnish, Polish), Palermas (Lithuanian)
Pamplona Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish)
Paris Bārīs (Arabic), Páras (Irish), Parigi (Italian), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), París (Catalan, Spanish), Paris (French), Parísi (Greek), Pariso or Parizo (Esperanto), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian, Serbian, Yiddish), Paříž (Czech), Paríž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Párizs (Hungarian), Paryż (Polish), Paryzh (Ukrainian), Paryžius (Lithuanian)
Parma Parme (French), Parma (Italian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish)
Pärnu Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian), Pernau (German), Piarnu (Lithuanian)
Passau Batavia (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (German), Passovia (Italian)
Pazin Pisino (Italian), Pazin (Croatian)
Pécs Pětikostelí (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak)
Perpignan Perpignan (French), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhão (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan)
Perugia Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian), Perusa (Spanish)
Petroskoy Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petroskoi (Finnish), Äänislinna (old Finnish name), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian)
Piacenza Piacenza (Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish)
Piotrków Trybunalski Petrikau (German), Petrikev (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian), Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish)
Plauen Plauen (German), Plavno (Czech)
Pleven Pleven (Bulgarian), Plevna (Romanian), Plevno (Czech)
Plovdiv Filibe (Turkish), Filippopoli (Italian), Philippoúpolis (Greek), Plovdiv (Bulgarian), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (ancient Macedonian, Moesian)
Plymouth Pleimuiden (Dutch), Plimuto (Esperanto)
Plzeň Pilsen (German, Italian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech)
Podgorica Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name)
Pompeii Pompei (Italian), Pompeia (Portuguese), Pompeji (German), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Serbian), Pompeje (Polish), Pompiia (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), "Pompėja" (Lithuanian)
Porec Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian)
Pori Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish)
Portorož Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Slovene)
Porvoo Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Finnish)
Potsdam Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (German, Italian), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdamas (Lithuanian)
Poznań Posen (German), Posnania (Latin), Posnanie (French), Poyzn (Yiddish), Poznań (Polish), Poznanė (Lithuanian)
Prague Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (Croatian, Danish, German, Norwegian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Prág (Irish), Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prog or Prug (Yiddish)
Pravdinsk Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian)
Priozersk Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name)
Pristina Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priştina (Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Lithuanian)
Pruszcz Gdański Praust (German), Pruszcz Gdański (Polish)
Przemyśl Peremyshl (Russian), Premisl (Yiddish), Przemyśl (Polish)
Pskov Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish), Pleskau (German), Pskovas (Lithuanian)
Pula Pola (Italian), Pula (Croatian)
Puławy Pilev (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish)
Pyrzyce Pyritz (German), Pyrzyce (Polish)


R

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Rădăuţi Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits (Yiddish)
Radymno Radymno (Polish), Redem (Yiddish)
Rauma Rauma (Finnish), Raumo (Swedish)
Regensburg Řezno (Czech), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (English [obs.], Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (German)
Rheims Reims (French), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto), Reimsas (Lithuanian)
Riga Riga (Italian, Portuguese, Russian), Rīga (Latvian), Rīġā (Arabic), Rige (Yiddish), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish)
Rijeka Fiume (Italian, Hungarian), Rijeka (Croatian), St. Veit am Flaum (German)
Rivne Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne (Yiddish), Rovno (Russian), Równe (Polish), Rowno (German)
Rome Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), An Róimh (Irish), Rom (German), Rómi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Roym (Yiddish), Rūmiya (Arabic), Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish)
Roskilde Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish)
Rostock Rostock (German), Roztoky (Czech), Rostokas (Lithuanian)
Rouen Rouen (French), Ruão (Portuguese), Rúðuborg (Icelandic)
Rovaniemi Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Finnish, Swedish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian)
Rovinj Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian)
Rzeszów Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Reyshe (Yiddish), Rzeszów (Polish)


S

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Saarbrücken Saarbrücken (German), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian)
Saarlouis Sarrelouis (French), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945)
Sagunto Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish)
Salzburg Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Slovene), Salzburgo (Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech) , Zalcburgas (Lithuanian)
Samara Kujbišev (Slovene), Kuybyshev (former name)
Samarkand Samarcanda (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkand (Slovene), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish), Samarkandas (Lithuanian)
San Sebastián Donostia (Basque), Sant Sebastià (Catalan), Saint-Sébastien (French), San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian)
Santiago de Compostela Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian)
Saragossa Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa (Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish), Sarkusta (Arabic)
Sarajevo Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Slovene), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian)
Saranda (Áyii) Saránda (Greek), Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Santiquaranta (Italian)
Saverne Zabern (German)
Schaffhausen Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish)
Schmogrow Schmogrow (German), Smogorjow (Lower Sorbian)
Schweinfurt Schweinfurt (German, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech)
Schwerin Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech)
Schwyz Schwytz (French), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh)
Senj Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Slovene), Zengg (old Hungarian name)
Seville al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (Romanian [obs.]), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Slovak, Spanish, German), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Sevilija (Lithuanian)
Shkodër Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German)
Shrewsbury Amwythig (Welsh)
Šiauliai Schaulen (German), Shaulyay (Russian), Shavl (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian), Szawle (Polish)
Sibenik Sebenico (Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Slovene)
Sibiu Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German), Szeben (Hungarian)
Siedlce Sedlets (Russian), Shedlets (Yiddish), Siedlce (Polish)
Sienna Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovene, Turkish), Siena (Lithuanian)
Sighişoara Schässburg (German), Segesvár (Hungarian), Sighişoara (Romanian)
Skopje Shkupi (Albanian), Skop'e (Russian), Skópia (Greek), Skopia (Spanish), Skopie (Bulgarian), Skopje (Slovene), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Üsküp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian)
Sligo Sligeach (Irish)
Solin Salona (Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene)
Sofia Serdica (Latin), Sófia (Greek, Portuguese), Sofia (Italian), Sofía (Spanish), Sofija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofya (Turkish), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Szófia (Hungarian)
Solothurn Soleure (French), Solothurn (German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish)
Sønderborg Sonderburg (German)
Sopron Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian)
Sovetsk Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Slovene), Tilsit (German), Tilžė (Lithuanian)
Speyer Spires (English [obs.]), Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spire (French), Spira (Italian), Špýr (Czech)
Split Spalato (Italian), Split (Croatian, Slovene), Splitas (Lithuanian)
Spremberg Grodk (Lower Sorbian), Spremberg (German)
St. Gallen Saint-Gall (French), Sankt Gallen (German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech)
St. Petersburg Ayía Petrúpoli (Greek), Peterburg (Yiddish), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Pétersbourg (French), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, Slovak), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian), Sankt Peterzburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), Szentpétervár (Hungarian); Leningrad (former name), Leningrado (former Italian name), Petrograd (former Russian name, former Slovene name), Petrohrad (former Czech name), Piotrogród (former Polish name), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian)
St. Moritz Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech)
Stockholm Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholm (Slovene, Swedish), Stócólm (Irish), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Serbian, Slovak), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi (Greek), Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish), Stokholmas (Lithuanian)
Stralsund Stralsund (German), Strzałowo (Polish)
Strasbourg Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Slovene), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian)
Straubing Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech)
Stuttgart Estugarda (Portuguese), Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (German, Slovene), Stoutgárdhi (Greek), Štutgartas (Lithuanian)
Subotica Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Slovene), Szabadka (Hungarian)
Suceava Shots (Yiddish), Suceava (Romanian), Suczawa (German)
Swansea Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Slovene)
Świnoujście Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish)
Syracuse Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakúzy (Slovak), Sirakuza (Serbian), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Syrakusa (Finnish), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian), Siragüza (Arabic)
Szczebrzeszyn Shebreshin שעברעשין (Yiddish), Szczebrzeszyn (Polish)
Szczecin Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Szczecin (Polish), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Šćećin (Serbian), Štetinas (Lithuanian)
Szczytno Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish)
Szeged Segedín (Czech), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian)
Székesfehérvár Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak), İstolni Belgrad (Turkish)
Szentendre Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian)
Szombathely Kamenec (Czech), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian, Slovene)


T

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Tallinn Lindanissa (Latin variant), Rävel (old Swedish name), Reval (old German name), Revalia (Latin), Rewal or Tallin (Polish), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Taljin (Serbian), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Slovak, Spanish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish), Talinas (Lithuanian)
Tampere Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Finnish), Tamperė (Lithuanian)
Taranto Taranto (Italian), Táras (ancient Greek), Tarent (Czech, German, Serbian), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin)
Târgu Mureş Marosvásárhely (Hungarian), Neumarkt (German), Târgu Mureş or Tîrgu Mureş (Romanian)
Tarnów Tarne (Yiddish), Tarnów (Polish)
Tartu Derpet (Yiddish), Dorpat (German, Polish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918), Tartto (Finnish), Yur'yev (Russian)
Tashkent Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskéndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient / Taszkent (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Taşkent (Romanian, Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek), Taschkent (German), Taškentas (Lithuanian)
Tbilisi Teflis - تفلیس (Persian), Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Tiflis (German, Italian [obs.], Spanish, Turkish), Tyflída (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Tibilisi / Tyflis (Polish), Tbilisis (Lithuanian)
Tekirdağ Rodosto (Greek), Rodostó (Hungarian)
Terezín Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German)
Těšín Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Tešín (Slovak)
The Hague L'Aia (Italian), Gaaga (Russian), De Haach (Frisian), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Czech, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Haga (Polish, Romanian, Lithuanian), Hága (Hungarian), Haia (Portuguese), An Háig (Irish), La Haya (Spanish), La Haye (French), Kháyi (Greek), Lāhāy (Arabic), Lahey (Turkish)
Thessaloniki Saloniki (alternative Greek name), Săruna (Aromanian), Soluň (Czech), Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German, Polish), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonic (Romanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solún (Slovak), Solun (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Salonica (alternative English name), Salónica (alternative Spanish name) Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalonika (Finnish), Salonikai (Lithuanian)
Thionville Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch name), Thionville (French)
Timişoara Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeswar / Temeschburg / (Temeschwar) (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Timiszoara (Polish), Tamışvar (Turkish)
Tipperary Tiobraid Árann (Irish)
Tirana Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Tirana (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tiran (Turkish)
Tongeren Tongeren (Dutch), Tongern (German), Tongres (French), Tongue (Walloon), Aduatuca (Latin)
Tórshavn Thorshavn (Danish), Þórshöfn (Icelandic)
Toruń Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis (Latin), Torń (Kashubian)
Toulon Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French) Tulon (Polish)
Toulouse Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin, former Spanish name), Toulouse (French, Portuguese), Tuluza (Polish), Tuluz (Serbian) , Tulūza (Lithuanian)
Trebizond Trabzon (Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, Romanian [obs.]), Trapezúnda (Greek), Trebisonda (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese), Trébizonde (French)
Trent Trento (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Trient (German), Trident (Czech), Trente (French, Dutch), Trydent (Polish)
Trier Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Treviri (Italian), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese), Trive (Walloon)
Trieste Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech), Triëst (Dutch), Triest (German), Trieste (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene)
Trogir Traù (Italian), Trogir (Croatian)
Trondheim Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Trondheim (Norwegian 1931-1939 and 1945-present), Drontheim (1940-1945) (German name during WWII occupation), Þrándheimur (Icelandic), Trondheimas (Lithuanian)
Tromsø Tromssa (Finnish, Sami)
Tübingen Tubinga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech), Tybinga (Polish)
Turin Torí (Catalan), Torino (Italian, Croatian, Hungarian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Finnish, Turkish), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turín (Czech, Slovak, Spanish), Turyn (Polish), Turinas (Lithuanian)
Turku Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Finnish)
Tver Kalinin (former name), Tver (Italian, Slovene), Twer (Polish, German), Tverė (Lithuanian)
Tyszowce Tishevits טישעװיץ (Yiddish), Tyszowce (Polish)


U

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Überlingen Überlingen (German), Jibrovice (Czech)
Udine Udin (Friulian), Udine (Italian), Videm (Czech), Udinė (Lithuanian)
Ulcinj Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Croatian, Serbian)
Ulm Ulm (German), Ulma (Italian), Ulmas (Lithuanian)
Ulyanovsk Simbirsk (former name), Uljanovsk (Serbian, Slovene), Uljanowsk (German), Uljanovskas (Lithuanian)
Umag Umago (Italian), Umag (Croatian)
Umeå Uumaja (Finnish)
Utrecht Traiectum (Latin), Utert (Frisian), Utrecht (Dutch), Utreĥto (Esperanto), Utrechtas (Lithuanian), Utrek (Walloon)
Uzhhorod Ungvár (Hungarian), Ungvir, Ingver, Yngvyr - אונגװיר (Yiddish), Ungwar (German), Uschhorod (German), Užgorod - Ужгород (Russian), Užhorod - Ужгородъ (Ruthenian), Užhorod (Slovak), Užhorod - Ужгород (Ukrainian)


V

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Vaasa Vasa (Swedish), Wasa (older Swedish name), Waza (Polish), Nikolainkaupunki (alternative old Finnish name)
Valencia València (Catalan), Valence (French), Valencia (Slovene, Spanish), Valência (Portuguese), Valencio or Valencujo (Esperanto), Walencja (Polish), Valensija (Lithuanian)
Valkenburg Valkenburg (Dutch), Fauquemont (old French)
Valletta il-Belt (colloquial Maltese), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), Fālītā (Arabic), Valéta (Greek), La Valeta (Portuguese), La Valette (French), La Valletta (Italian, Slovak), Valeta (Lithuanian)
Venice Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Benetke (Slovene), al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Feneyjar (Icelandic), An Veinéis (Irish), Velence (Hungarian), Venècia (Catalan), Venecia (Spanish), Venecija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Veneco (Esperanto), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venedik (Turkish), Venetía (Greek), Veneţia (Romanian), Venetië (Dutch), Venetsia (Finnish), Veneza (Portuguese), Venezia (Italian), Venise (French), Vinitsia (Yiddish), Wenecja (Polish)
Vienna Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Bécs (Hungarian), Dunaj (Slovene), Fienna (Welsh), Vena (Russian, Ukrainian), Vīne (Latvian), Vídeň (Czech), Viedeň (Slovak), Viena (Catalan, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian), Vienna (Italian), Vienne (French), Viénni (Greek), Vieno (Esperanto), Vin (Yiddish), Vín (Irish), Vindobona (Latin), Viyana (Turkish), Wenen (Dutch), Wiedeń (Polish), Wien (Finnish, German, Swedish)
Villach Bělák (Czech), Beljak (Slovene), Bilachium (Latin), Villach (German), Villaco (Italian)
Vilnius Filniyūs (Arabic), Vilna (Italian, Spanish, Slovene, Finnish, Norwegian, Russian), Vilne (Yiddish), Viļņa (Latvian), Vil'nja / Vil'njus (Belarusian), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilnjus (Serbian), Vilno (Czech, Russian), Wilna (German), Wilno (Polish)
Vitoria Gasteiz (Basque), Vitória (Portuguese), Vitorija (Lithuanian)
Vitsyebsk Vitebsk (Russian, Yiddish), Vitsyebsk (Belarusian)
Vladikavkaz Ordzhonikidze (former name 1932-1944 and 1954-1990), Dzaudzhikau (former name 1944-1954), Vladikaukazas (Lithuanian)
Vlorë Vlorë / Vlora (Albanian), Valona (Italian, Serbian), Aulona (ancient name), Avlonya (Turkish)
Volgograd Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish name), Volgograd (Slovene), Volgogrado (Portuguese, Spanish), Wolgograd (German), Estalinegrado (former Portuguese name), Estalingrado (former Spanish name), Stalingrado (former Italian name), Volgogradas (Lithuanian)
Vyborg Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Swedish), Wiburg (German)


W

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Wangen Vanky (Czech), Wangen (German)
Waremme Waremme (French), Borgworm (Dutch), Warème / Wareme (Walloon)
Warsaw Vársá (Irish), Varšava (Belarusian, Czech, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Varsavia (Italian), Varshe (Yiddish), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsova (Finnish), Varşova (Turkish), Varsovia (Latin, Spanish), Varsovía (Greek), Varsóvia (Portuguese), Varşovia (Romanian), Varsovie (French), Varsovio (Esperanto), Varssavi (Estonian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Warschau (Dutch, German), Wārsū (Arabic), Warszawa (Polish)
Waterford Port Láirge (Irish)
Waver Wavre (French), Waver (Dutch), Auve / Wåve (Walloon)
Weimar Výmar (Czech), Weimar (German), Veimaras (Lithuanian)
Wejherowo Neustadt in Westpreußen (German), Wejherowo (Polish)
Wexford Loch Garman (Irish)
Wicklow Cill Mhantáin (Irish)
Winchester Caerwynt (Welsh)
Wolgast Wolgast (German), Wołogoszcz (Polish)
Worcester Caerwrangon (Welsh)
Worms Vermayze װערמײַזע (Yiddish), Wormacja (Polish), Wormazia (Italian [obs.]), Worms (German)
Wroclaw Wrocław (Polish), Vratislav (Czech), Vratislavia / Wratislavia / Wracislavia (Latin), Breslau (Dutch, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish), Wroclaw (Finnish, Slovene), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak, Serbian), Breslavia (Italian), Vroclavas (Lithuanian)
Würzburg Wörzborg (Low Saxon), Würzburg (German), Wurzburgo (Spanish)


Y

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Yekaterinburg Jekaterinburg (Serbian, Finnish, German, Slovene, Swedish), Jekaterynburg (Polish), Ekaterinburg (Romanian), Ekaterimburgo (Spanish), Sverdlovsk (former name), Jekaterinburgas (Lithuanian)
Yerevan Yirīfān (Arabic), Erevan (French, English [rare], Romanian, Slovene), Jerewan / Eriwan (German), Jereván (Hungarian), Erewan (Polish), Jerevan (Czech, Finnish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Serbian), Ereván (Spanish), Erivan (Turkish), Jerevanas (Lithuanian)
York Caerefrog / Efrog (Welsh), Eabhrac (Irish), Eboracum (Latin), Efrawg (Breton, Cornish), Iorc (Scots Gaelic), Jorvik (ancient Scandinavian), Jórvík (Icelandic), Jorko (Esperanto), Jorkas (Lithuanian)
Ypres Ieper (Dutch), Ypres (French), Ypern (German), Ipro (Esperanto)


Z

English Name Other name(s) or older name(s)
Zabrze Hindenburg (German 1915-1945), Zabrze (Polish)
Zadar Zara (Italian), Zára (Hungarian), Zadar (Croatian), Zadaras (Lithuanian)
Zagreb Zaġrib (Arabic), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Agram (German [obs.]), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagreb (Slovene), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian), Zâgreb (Serbian), Zagrebo (Esperanto), Zagrebas (Lithuanian)
Zeebrugge Seebrügge (German)
Zhytomyr Zhitomir (Russian, Yiddish), Zhytomyr (Ukrainian), Zhytomierz (Polish)
Zielona Góra Grünberg (German), Mons Viridis (Latin), Zielona Góra (Polish)
Zittau Žitava (Czech), Zittau (German), Żytawa (Polish)
Znamensk Vėluva (Lithuanian), Wehlau (German), Welawa (Polish), Znamensk (Russian)
Znojmo Znaim (German), Znojmo (Polish)
Zolochiv Złoczew or Złoczów (Polish), Zlotshev (Yiddish), Zolochev (Russian), Zolochiv (Ukrainian)
Zug Zoug (French), Zug (German, Romansh), Zugo (Italian)
Zurich Zūrīk (Arabic), Cirih (Serbian), Ciūrichas (Lithuanian), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Curiĥo (Esperanto), Curych (Czech), Turitg (Romansh), Zurich (French), Zürich (German, Finnish, Slovene, Swedish), Zúrich (Spanish), Zurigo (Italian), Zürih (Turkish), Zurique (Portuguese), Zurych (Polish), Zyríkhi (Greek)
Zwickau Cvikov (Czech), Zwickau (German)


See also:

External link:

  • Place names of Europe http://www.p.lodz.pl/I35/personal/jw37/EUROPE/europe.html
Last updated: 02-18-2005 23:36:53
Last updated: 05-03-2005 17:50:55