Online Encyclopedia
Lick Observatory
The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory, owned and operated by the University of California. It is situated on the summit of Mount Hamilton , near San Jose, California, but is managed from the University of California, Santa Cruz, where its scientific staff moved to in the mid-1960s.
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| Organization | University of California |
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| Location | San Jose, California, USA |
| Coordinates | 37°20'35" N, 121°38'14" W |
| Altitude | 1,300 m (4,300 ft) |
| Weather | 300 clear nights/year |
| Webpage | mthamilton.ucolick.org |
| Telescopes | |
| C. Donald Shane telescope | 3 m reflector |
| James Lick telescope | 91 cm refractor |
| Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope | 76 cm reflector |
| Anna L. Nickel telescope | 1 m reflector |
| Crossley telescope | 0.9 m reflector |
| Contents |
Early History
Lick Observatory was the world's first mountain-top observatory.
The observatory was constructed between 1876 and 1887, from a bequest from James Lick. In 1887 Lick's body was buried under the future site of the telescope, with a brass tablet bearing the inscription, "Here lies the body of James Lick."
Before construction could begin, a road to the site had to be built. All of the construction materials had to be brought to the site by horse and mule-drawn wagons, which could not negotiate a steep grade. To keep the grade below 6.5%, the road had to take a very winding and sinuous path, which the modern-day road still follows. Tradition maintains that this road has exactly 360 turns. (This is approximately correct, although uncertainty as to what should count as a turn makes precise verification impossible). Even those who do not normally suffer from motion-sickness find the road challenging.
The 91-cm refracting telescope on Mt. Hamilton was Earth's largest refracting telescope from when it saw first light on January 3, 1888, until the construction of Yerkes in 1897. In April, 1888, the observatory was turned over to the Regents of the University of California, and it became the first permanantly occupied mountain-top observatory in the world. The location provided excellent viewing performance due to lack of ambient light and pollution; additionally, the night air at the top of Mt. Hamilton is extremely calm, and the mountain peak is normally above the level of the fog that is often seen in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Significant discoveries
The following astronomical objects were discovered at Lick Observatory:
- Several moons of Jupiter
- Several extrasolar planets
- Triple planet systems
- Upsilon Andromedae (with Whipple Observatory )
- 55 Cancri
- Double planet systems
- HD38529 (with Keck Observatory)
- HD12661 (with Keck)
- GJ876 (with Keck)
- 47 Ursa Majoris
- Triple planet systems
Equipment
Current equipment and locations:
- the C. Donald Shane 3 m (120-inch) reflector (Shane Dome, Tycho Brahe Peak)
- the Great Lick 0.9 m (36-inch) refractor (South Dome, Main Building, Observatory Peak)
- the Carnegie 0.5 m (20-inch) twin refractor (Double Astrograph Dome, Tycho Brahe Peak)
- the Anna L. Nickel 1 m (40-inch) reflector (North (small) Dome, Main Building)
- the Crossley 0.9 m (36-inch) reflector (Crossley Dome, Ptolemy Peak)
- the 0.6 m (24-inch) Coude auxiliary telescope (just South of Shane Dome, Tycho Brahe Peak)
- the Tauchmann 0.5 m (22-inch) reflector (Tauchmann Dome atop the water tank, Huyghens Peak)
- CCD Comet Camera 135 mm Nikkon camera ("The Outhouse" Southwest of the Shane Dome, Tycho Brahe Peak)
- the Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope (KAIT) 76 cm reflector (24-inch Dome, Kepler Peak)