This is a list of languages that have been written in the Cyrillic alphabet at one time or another. See also early Cyrillic alphabet.

Indo-European languages

• Indo-Iranian languages
  • Indo-Aryan languages
    • Romany (in Serbia and Montenegro and former USSR)
  • Kurdish (living in former USSR)
  • Ossetic (since 18th century, modern alphabet since 1938)
  • Tajik
  • Tat (Judeo-Tat)

• Romance languages
  • Romanian (up to the 19th century, and in Moldova from 1940–89; see Moldavian)
  • Ladino in occasional Bulgarian Sephardic publications.

• Slavic languages
  • Old Church Slavonic
  • Church Slavonic
  • Belarusian
  • Bulgarian, incl. its Macedonian dialects
  • Russian
  • Rusyn
  • Serbian
  • Ukrainian

Caucasian languages

• Abaza
• Abkhaz
• Adyghe
• Avar
• Chechen (since 1938, also with Roman 1991–2000)
• Dargwa
• Kabardian
• Lak
• Lezgian
• Tabassaran

Sino-Tibetan languages

• Chinese languages
  • Dungan (since 1953)

Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages

• Chukchi (since 1936)
• Koryak (since 1936)

Mongolian languages

• Buryat
• Kalmyk
• Mongolian

Tungusic languages

• Evenk (since 1936)
• Nanai
• Udihe (Udekhe ) (writing recently is not used)

Turkic languages

• Altay
• Azeri (1939–91)
• Balkar
• Bashkir
• Chuvash
• Crimean Tatar (1938–91)
• Gagauz (since 1957)
• Kazakh
• Karachay
• Karakalpak (1940s–1990s)
• Khakas
• Kumyk
• Kyrgyz
• Nogai
• Tatar (since 1939; also with Roman since 2000)
• Turkmen (1940–94)
• Tuvan
• Uzbek (1941–98)
• Yakut

Uralic languages

• Samoyedic languages
  • Nenets (since 1937)
  • Selkup (since 1950s writing recently is not used)
• Finno-Ugric languages
  • Karelian (1940–1991)
  • Khanty
  • Mansi (since 1937 writing has not received distribution)
  • Komi
    • Komi-Zyrian (since 17th century, modern alphabet since 1930s)
    • Komi-Permyak
  • Mari (since 19th century)
  • Mordvin languages
    • Erzya (since 18th century)
    • Moksha (since 18th century)
  • Kildin Sami
  • Udmurt
  • Sami (in Russia, since 1980s)

Other languages

• Aisor (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic)
• Russian sign language (uses the Cyrillic alphabet via the Russian Manual Alphabet)

• Constructed languages
  • Lingua Franca Nova
  • Slovio

• Fictional languages
  • Brutopian