Johann Gottfried Koehler (December 15, 1745 - September 19, 1801) was a German astronomer who discovered a number of nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies.

Koehler is best remembered for his discovery of Open Cluster M67, Elliptical Galaxy M59, and Elliptical Galaxy M60. The latter two were discovered on the same day, April 11, 1779.

Koehler worked with the noted astronomer Johann Elert Bode.