Jacques Offenbach (June 20, 1819 -October 4, 1880), composer and cellist, the creator of "La vie Parisienne" and an originator of the operetta form, a precursor of the modern musical comedy.

Biography

Offenbach was of German birth and was Jewish, born Jakob Eberst, the son of a synagogue cantor. He moved to Paris in 1833 to study the cello. He found employment playing cello in the orchestra of the Opera Comique, and wrote several pieces for the instrument. In 1844, he married Herminie de Alcain. In 1850 he became conductor of the Theatre Francais, but in 1855 rented his own theatre, the Bouffes Parisiens on the Champs Elysees, and began a successful career devoted largely to operetta and opéras comiques until his death. His most popular works are still performed regularly today. He also wrote much dance music, especially the can-can style. His best known operettas in the English-speaking world are Orpheus in the Underworld, La Vie Parisienne,La Belle Helene, La Perichole and The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein.

Offenbach's final opera, The Tales of Hoffman, was more serious than his other works, reflecting perhaps the eternal wish of the clown to be taken seriously. It was still unfinished at his death, and was completely by his best friend Ernest Guiraud, and premiered in 1881.

He is buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre, Paris, France.

Works

Offenbach wrote more than ninety pieces for the stage. Some of his works include:

• Les deux Aveugles
• Le Nuit blanche
• Ba-ta-clan
• La Rose de Saint-Flour
• Le Savetier et le Financier
• Dragonette
• Le Vent du Soir ou L'horrible Festin
• Une Demoiselle en loterie
• Le Mariage aux lanternes
• Les deux Pêcheurs
• Orphée aux Enfers (Orpheus in the Underworld)
• Les Vivandières de la Grande Armée
• Geneviève de Brabant
• Daphnis et Chloé
• Le Chanson de Fortunio
• Le Pont des soupirs
• Le Roman comique
• Les Bavards
• Lischen et Fritzchen
• Le Brésilien
• Jeanne qui pleure et Jean qui rit
• L'amour chanteur
• Die Rheinnixen ,
• La belle Hélène (Fair Helen)
• Les Bergers
• Barbe-Bleue (Bluebeard)
• La Vie Parisienne
• La permission de dix heures
• La Grande Duchesse de Gerolstein (The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein)
• Robinson Crusoe
• L'Ile de Tulipatan
• La Périchole
• La Diva
• La Princesse de Trébizonde
• Les Brigands
• Boule de Neige
• Le Roi Carotte
• Fantasio
• Fleurette
• Les Braçonniers
• Pomme d'Api
• Bagatelle
• Le Violoneux
• La Boulangère a des écus
• Madame l'Archiduc
• La Créole
• Le Voyage dans la lune
• Tarte à la Crème
• Pierrette et Jacquot
• La boîte au lait
• La Foire Saint-Laurent
• Madame Favart
• La Marocaine
• La fille du Tambour-Major
• Les Contes d'Hoffmann (The Tales of Hoffman).

References and External Links

• http://www.naxos.com/composer/offenbac.htm
• http://www.lessontutor.com/bf_offenbach.html
• La Périchole plot summary

Jacques Offenbach was born Jacob Offenbach. His father, Isaac, who was a tutor to the Rothchilds, was born Isaac be Judah, and apparently was known by the moniker, "Eberstadt"... for another town in germany. When the napoleonic edict came in 1807, that Jews had to take inheritable family names, he was already in Kõln, and was there known as Offenbach, so he accepted that family name and Jacob's birth certificate reflects that.