Henri Dutilleux (born January 22, 1916) is a French composer.

He was born in Angers, and studied music at the Paris Conservatoire from 1933 to 1938. He won the Prix de Rome in 1938. Dutilleux worked for French Radio from 1943 to 1963 and taught at the École Normale de Musique from 1961. He was appointed professor at the Paris Conservatoire in 1970.

Dutilleux is one of the best known French composers of the second half of the 20th century, producing work in a style distinctly his own, but considered to be in the same tradition as Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Albert Roussel and others. Among his better known works are two symphonies (1950 and 1959), the cello concerto Tout un monde lointain (1970), the violin concerto L'arbre des Songes (1985), various chamber pieces including Ainsi la nuit (1976) for string quartet, and instrumental works.