Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet (September 3, 1899–August 31, 1985) was an Australian biologist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1960, along with Peter Brian Medawar, for the discovery that the immune system of the fetus learns how to distinguish between self and non-self.

His studies in virology led to his recognition as one of Australia's greatest scientists. In 1944 he became director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne.