The title Earl of Rochester was created twice in the Peerage of England.

The title was created first for Henry Wilmot , but it became extinct at the death of the third Earl, there being no male heirs remaining. This title had the subsidiary titles of Viscount Wilmot (1621) in the Peerage of Ireland and Baron Wilmot (1643) in the Peerage of England.

The second creation was in 1682 for Laurence Hyde. He held the subsidiary titles of Viscount Hyde of Kenilworth and Baron Wotton Basset, both created at the same time as the main peerage. This title merged with the Earldom of Clarendon in 1723, and became extinct along with it in 1753.

Viscounts Wilmot (1621)

• Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot (1571-1643)
• Henry Wilmot, 2nd Viscount Wilmot (1612-1658), created Baron Wilmot in 1643, and Earl of Rochester in 1652.

Earls of Rochester, first Creation (1652)

• Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester (1612-1658)
• John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester (1648-1680)
• Charles Wilmot, 3rd Earl of Rochester (1671-1681)

Earls of Rochester, second Creation (1682)

• Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester (1642-1711)
• Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Rochester (1672-1753)

When Henry Hyde succeeded to the Earldom of Clarendon in 1723, the two peerages became merged.