A double decker is a bus, airplane, train, tram, ferry, or any public transit vehicle that has two levels for passengers, one deck above the other.
Bus
Double-decker buses are almost twice as tall as other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom, where perhaps the most famous is the Routemaster used in London which is now being phased out (as of 2005). Most of the buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double deckers as well.
Some double-decker buses have an open upper deck, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.
Airplane
The most popular double deck airplane is the Boeing 747, although the top deck is smaller than the lower level. The new Airbus A380, however, has two decks extending the full length of the airplane.
Train
Because of the standard height of tunnels and overhead power wires, many double-decker trains set the bottom deck lower down between the trucks (bogies in UK parlance). At the entrance platforms of the train there is just a single deck, above the bogies. From there one can go upstairs or downstairs. For example, for the DD-IRM (see below) it is one step up from the station platform to the entrance platform, and from there 7 steps up or 4 steps down.
France runs double-decker cars on highly loaded high-speed TGV lines and commuter lines such as the Paris suburban RER.
Other double-decker railcars do not have a full upper deck but on the left and on the right a gallery, each with a row of single seats. An example are the bilevel cars provided and leased in the U.S. by Midwest Transportation & Development Corporation of Chicago. They are of a design, proven in service and steadily refined, since their initial introduction in the 1950s. (Midwest Transportation & Development's website is [1]). These cars, known as "bilevel gallery cars", are among the most successful designs ever developed, and are currently in daily use in Chicago, San Francisco, Toronto and Montreal. They provide high capacity (155 to 169 passengers each) and use standard, off-the-shelf components, without relying on proprietary, expensive and hard to get replacement parts. Chicago's commuter rail system Metra is currently receiving new versions of these cars and the San Francisco area commuter rail authority, known as CalTrain, has recently overhauled its fleet of bilevel gallery cars.
Another advantage of bilevel gallery cars is the relatively low first step of the vestibule entrance to the car, which is 14 5/8 inches above the head of the rail. The advantage of this design feature is that commuter rail operators do not have to unnecessarily spend scarce funds on building high level platforms; rather, a low level platform is all that is necessary, at a far lower cost.
Other designs include rolling stock made by Colorado Railcar Manufacturing , Budd, Pullman-Standard , Bombardier, and others house the entrance on the lower deck rather than an intermediate level. The Amtrak Superliners are double-decker trains of this variety, housing the entrance about a step or so up from the lowest station platform level, or at the level of slightly higher platforms, and allowing passage from car to car through the upper corridors of the train. (Colorado Railcar Manufacturing, responsible for constructing the Princess cars on the Alaska Railroad, can be located online at [2].)
In some countries such as the United Kingdom, and also in the northeastern region of the United States, the railway system cannot accommodate double decker trains because the loading gauge is too small (i.e. bridges, tunnels, etc. are too low). An intermediate form of two-level seating arrangement has been tried in Britain (the Southern Railway's Class 4DD electric multiple units), where the bottoms of the upper seats are above the heads of the people on the lower level, but the feet of the people above are not, see [3].
Double decker trains often have curved windows upstairs. In the evening and in tunnels children love this for the distorting mirror effect.
In the Netherlands, there are two types of double decker trains, the DDM and the DD-IRM, also called Regiorunner, see Trains in the Netherlands.
In Spain several lines of Cercanías (Renfe's commuter rail service) use double decker trains.
All electric commuter trains in Sydney are double deck. They all have two doors per side per carriage, with a vestibule at each end at platform height. Well known examples of these trains are the Tangara and Millenium trains.
In intermodal freight service, many modern types of container cars are designed to accommodate "double-stacking."
Cable Car (Aerial Tramway)
Main article: Aerial tramway
The double decker Vanoise Express cable car carries 200 people in each cabin at a height of 380 metres (1250 feet) over the Ponturin gorge.
Tram
There are also double-decker trams. Hong Kong Tramways is the only tram company that operates exclusively double-decker trams. As with the buses and trolleybuses, double decked versions are almost twice as tall as the others.
Until the 1950s double-decker trams were very common in the United Kingdom, some can still be seen at the National Tramway Museum.
They are also in some places, aimed at tourists, e.g. in summer only, e.g in Blackpool and the Isle of Man.
Bridge
The term double decker is also used for bridges with two road levels, for example the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shui Mun Bridge have six lanes on the upper decks. On the lower decks there are two lanes and a pair of tracks for trains (the MTR metro).
Tunnel
Some tunnels are double-deck, for example the Eastern Harbour Crossing in Hong Kong, where roads and rails (the MTR metro) occupy different decks of the tunnel.
Elevator
A double-deck elevator is an elevator with two elevator cars attached on top of each other. This increases passenger capacity while occupying less building core space.
See also
Last updated: 10-25-2005 14:29:04
