Disodium guanylate (E627) is a food additive used as a flavor enhancer, in synergy with monosodium glutamate (the sodium salt of glutamic acid, MSG). As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is not used independently of glutamic acid; if disodium guanlyate is present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, it is likely that glutamic acid is provided as part of another ingredient.
Disodium guanylate is a flavor enhancer derived from dried fish or dried seaweed. It is a by-product of disodium inosinate.
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