Caucasus Indicus is the Greek name for the Hindu Kush mountain range. The name Caucasus Indicus continued to be used in many parts of the West until recently in the modern era.

Alexander the Great conquered the Hindu Kush region in 329 BC. The Greeks named the range "Caucasus Indicus", meaning the "Caucasus of India". Greeks remained as rulers, administrators, or scribes in the region for many centuries, intermixing with the primarily Buddhist dynasties in such settlements as Taxila.