Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the ovaries of a female animal. In the case of non-human animals, this is also called spaying. It is a form of sterilization.

The removal of the ovaries together with the Fallopian tubes is called salpingo-oophorectomy. Oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy are not common forms of birth control in humans; more usual is tubal ligation, in which the Fallopian tubes are blocked but the ovaries remain intact.

In humans, oophorectomy is most usually performed together with a hysterectomy - the removal of the uterus. Its use in a hysterectomy when there are no other health problems is somewhat controversial.

In animals, spaying involves an invasive removal of the ovaries, but rarely has major complications; the superstition that it causes weight gain is not based on fact. Spaying is especially important for certain animals that require the ovum to be released at a certain interval (called estrus or "heat"), such as cats and dogs. If the cell is not released during these animal's heat, it can cause severe medical problems that can be averted by spaying or partnering the animal with a male.

Oophorectomy is sometimes referred to as castration, but that term is most often used to mean the removal of a male animal's testicles.

See also

• tubal ligation & birth control
• circumcision
• genital mutilation & female circumcision

Banten is one of the latest provinces to be born in the Indonesian reformation era . Before October 17, 2000, Banten was a part of West Java province of Indonesia.

Banten province with an area of 8,651.2 km² is divided into 4 kabupaten (regencies) and 2 kota administratif (administrative towns). Furthermore, Banten province has 207 kecamatan (subdistricts), 1.432 desa (villages) and 144 kelurahan (neighbourhoods). Below are the list of administrative towns and regencies:

• Serang regency
• Pandeglang regency
• Lebak regency
• Tangerang regency
• Cilegon administrative town
• Tangerang administrative town

The State

Banten was also an independent state since tze th centuery Sultans:

1. Pangeran Maulana Hassanuddin Susuhunan Sabakingking c1552-1570. Father of:
2. Pangeran Maulana Yusuf Pasaran 1570-1580. Father of:
3. Pangeran Maulana Muhammad Sedo Ning Rana 1580-1596. Father of:
4. Sultan Abdul Mofakhir I Muhammad Abdul Qadir Magmudi Agung 1596-1643. Father of:
5. Sultan Abdul Mauli I Ahmad Rahmat Allah 1643-1651. Father of:
6. Sultan Abdul Fath I Agung Tirtayasa 1651-1680 or 1682. Father of:
7. Sultan Abdul Nasr I Abdul Qahhar Hajji 1680 or 1682-1687. Father of:
8. Sultan Abdul Fahdl I Muhammad Yahya 1687-1690. Brother of:
9. Sultan Abdul Mahasin Muhammad Zein el Abidin 1690-1733. Father of:
10. Sultan Abdul Fath II Muhammad Safei Zein el Arifin 1733-1748/1749, +1749. Husband of:
11. Ratu Sharifa Fatimah 1748-1750
12. Sultan Abdul Maali II Muhammad Wasi el Halimin 1750-1753, +1760. Son of Sultan Fath II and father of:
13. Sultan Abdul Nasr II Muhammad Arif Zein el Ashekin 1753-1777. Father of:
14. Sultan Abdul Mofakhir II Muhammad Ali ed Din I 1777-1802. Brother of:
15. Sultan Abdul Fath III Muhammad Mohi ed Din Zein es Tsalehin 1802-1804/1805
16. Sultan Abdul Nasr III Muhammad Ishak Zainal Mutakin 1804/1805-1808. Son of Sultan Mofakhir II and brother of:
17. Sultan Abdul Mafakhir III Muhammad Aliuddin II of Banten 1808-1810, formerly Anakanda Pangeran Ratu Abdul Mafakhir Muhammad Aliuddin
18. Sultan Pangeran Ratu Muhammad Saif ud Din 1810-1811 and 1816-1832. Son of Sultan Fath III
19. Sultan Ahmed of Banten 1811-1813

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• HH Drs Tubagus Ismetullah Al Abbas, since 1985, Sultan Muda since August 2003 (see above, Head of the Family). Descendant of Pangeran Maulana Hassanuddin Susuhunan Sabakingking.