Artaxerxes I was king of Persia from 464 BC to 424 BC. He belonged to the Achaemenid dynasty and was the successor of Xerxes I. He is mentioned in two books of the Bible, Ezra and Nehemiah. He allowed the Jews to rebuild Jerusalem. He was followed on the throne by his son Xerxes II.

The name as given is the Greek form; the Persian form is Artakhshathra. He was later called Ardeshir.

see also Artaxerxes II, History of Persia

Preceded by: Xerxes I	King of Persia	Succeeded by: Xerxes II
	Pharaoh of Egypt Twenty-seventh Dynasty