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Alphabets derived from the Latin
Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the writing systems of many languages throughout the world. The tables below summarize and compare several of those alphabets.
Basic Latin Alphabet
| Alphabet |
A
a
|
B
b
|
C
c
|
D
d
|
E
e
|
F
f
|
G
g
|
H
h
|
I
i
|
J
j
|
K
k
|
L
l
|
M
m
|
N
n
|
O
o
|
P
p
|
Q
q
|
R
r
|
S
s
|
T
t
|
U
u
|
V
v
|
W
w
|
X
x
|
Y
y
|
Z
z
|
|
Latin
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
|
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
|
V |
|
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Afrikaans
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Albanian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Catalan
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Croatian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
|
Z |
|
Czech
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
Y |
Z |
|
Danish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Dutch
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
|
Z |
|
English
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Esperanto
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
|
Z |
|
Estonian
|
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
|
Z |
|
Faroese
|
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
Y |
|
|
Finnish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
French
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
German
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Hungarian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
|
Z |
|
Icelandic
|
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
X |
Y |
|
|
Irish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
|
|
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Italian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
|
|
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
|
Z |
|
Kashubian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
|
W |
|
Y |
Z |
|
Kurdish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
A
a
|
B
b
|
C
c
|
D
d
|
E
e
|
F
f
|
G
g
|
H
h
|
I
i
|
J
j
|
K
k
|
L
l
|
M
m
|
N
n
|
O
o
|
P
p
|
Q
q
|
R
r
|
S
s
|
T
t
|
U
u
|
V
v
|
W
w
|
X
x
|
Y
y
|
Z
z
|
|
Łacinka
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
Y |
Z |
|
Latvian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
|
Z |
|
Lithuanian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
Y |
Z |
|
Maltese
|
A |
B |
|
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
|
Z |
|
Norwegian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Polish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
|
W |
|
Y |
Z |
|
Portuguese
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
|
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
X |
|
Z |
|
Romanian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
X |
|
Z |
|
Scots Gaelic
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
|
|
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Slovak
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Slovenian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
|
Z |
|
Sorbian
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
|
W |
|
Y |
Z |
|
Spanish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Swedish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Turkish
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
|
Y |
Z |
|
Vietnamese
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|
G |
H |
I |
|
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
|
X |
Y |
|
|
Walloon
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Welsh
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
|
|
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
|
R |
S |
T |
U |
|
W |
|
Y |
|
|
A
a
|
B
b
|
C
c
|
D
d
|
E
e
|
F
f
|
G
g
|
H
h
|
I
i
|
J
j
|
K
k
|
L
l
|
M
m
|
N
n
|
O
o
|
P
p
|
Q
q
|
R
r
|
S
s
|
T
t
|
U
u
|
V
v
|
W
w
|
X
x
|
Y
y
|
Z
z
|
The letters "J", "W", and "U" (or, rather the distinction between "I" and "J", and between "U" and "V") were added to the Latin alphabet only in Mediæval times.
In many of the languages listed above, the "missing" letters are used for vernacular words of foreign origin and their derivatives (such as newtoniano in Italian and Portuguese) or metric system units (like watt and henry).
Extended Latin Alphabet
The characters in the following tables may not all render, depending on operating system and user agent version and the presence or absence of Unicode fonts.
Letters based on A-I
Letters based on J-Z
Notes
- Albanian also has the digraphs: dh, gj, ll, nj, rr, sh, th, xh, zh.
- Catalan also has the digraphs: ll, ny, l·l, rr, ss, dz, tz, ig, ix, gu, qu, nc.
- Czech also has the digraph: ch.
- Hungarian also has the digraphs: cs, dz, gy, ly, ny, sz, ty, zs; and the trigraph: dzs.
- Irish formerly used the dot diacritic in ḃ, ċ, ḋ, ḟ, ġ, ṁ, ṗ, ṡ, ṫ. These have been replaced by the digraphs: bh, ch, dh, fh, gh, mh, ph, sh, th.
- Italian also has the digraphs: ch, gh, gn, gl, sc.
- Łacinka also has the digraphs: dz, dź, dž.
- Lithuanian also has the digraphs: ch, dz, dž, ie, uo. However, these are not considered separate letters of the alphabet.
- Maltese also has the digraphs: ie, għ.
- Polish also has the digraphs: ch, cz, dz, dż, dź, sz, rz.
- Portuguese also has the digraphs: ch, lh, nh, qu, sc, xc, ss, rr.
- Spanish also has the digraphs: ch, ll, rr.
- Vietnamese has tone markers that can go on top (or below) any of the vowels (a, â, ă, e, ê, i, o, ô, ơ, u, ư, y); eg: à, ầ, ằ, è, ề, ì, ò, ồ, ờ, ù, ừ, ỳ; ả, ẩ, ẳ, ẻ, ể, ỉ, ỏ, ổ, ở, ủ, ử, ỷ; ã, ẵ, ẫ, ẽ, ễ, ĩ, õ, ỗ, ỡ, ũ, ữ, ỹ; á, ấ, ắ, é, ế, í, ó, ố, ớ, ú, ứ, ý; ạ, ặ, ậ, ẹ, ệ, ị, ọ, ộ, ợ, ụ, ự, ỵ. It also uses the digraphs: ch, gi, kh, ng, nh, ph, th, tr.
-
Walloon has the digraphs and trigraphs: ae, ch, dj, ea, jh, oe, oen, oi, sch, sh, tch, xh; the letter x is only used in xh digraph, the letter j is almost only used in dj and jh digraphs
- Welsh has the digraphs: ch, dd, ff, ng, ll, ph, rh, th and occasionally uses acute accents on its seven vowels (aeiouwy).
-
Slovak also has unique letters Ľ/ľ Ĺ / ĺ
-
Croatian also has the digraphs: dž, lj, nj. It can also be written with four tone markers above on top of the vowels.
- The Norwegian alphabet is currently identical with the Danish alphabet, but lately some Norwegian speakers have proposed to add the letter Kjell to the Norwegian alphabet (after the letter L), so that the sound which is commonly spelled kj (and which sounds like German ch in ich) may be written with a single letter.
Other alphabets based on the Latin alphabet
External link
Last updated: 08-16-2005 18:09:09
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