Alexander Anderson (c. 1582-1620?) was a Scottish mathematician born in Aberdeen. In his youth he went to the continent and taught mathematics in Paris, where he published or edited, between the years 1612 and 1619, various geometric and algebraic tracts.

He was selected by the executors of François Viète to revise and edit Viete's manuscript works. The works of Anderson amount to six thin quarto volumes, and as the last of them was published in 1619, it is probable that the author died soon after that year, but the precise date is unknown.